太空中的体医融合:基于运动锻炼的失重防护  

Integration of Sports and Medicine in Space:Weightlessness Protection based on Sports

作　　者：王子牛 李小涛[1] 周敏[1] 张剑锋[2] 高原 Wang Ziniu;Li Xiaotao;Zhou Min;Zhang Jianfeng;Gao Yuan(Special Environment Physiology and Physical Fitness Training&Military-civilian Integration Innovation Research Center,Xidian University,Xi'an 710126,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]西安电子科技大学特殊环境生理与体能训练军民融合创新研究中心,陕西西安710126 [2]中国航天员科研训练中心航天医学基础与应用国家重点实验室,北京100094 [3]空军军医大学航空航天医学教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710032

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2022年第6期212-215,252,共5页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

基　　金：载人航天工程空间站航天医学实验领域资助项目(项目编号:HYZHXM01001);航天医学国家重点实验室开放基金项目(项目编号:SMFA19K07);教育部人文社会科学研究规划项目(项目编号:20YJA890013);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划面上项目(项目编号:2018JM7088);中央直属高校基本科研业务费资助项目(项目编号:RW210416)。

摘　　要：太空失重环境会引起航天员心血管功能紊乱、肌肉萎缩、骨质丢失和运动表现下降,威胁到航天员在轨飞行出舱活动时的安全和重返地球重力环境后的健康和生活。当前长期航天飞行普遍采用以体育锻炼为主的失重防护策略,其可在一定程度有效地缓解失重所致的肌肉骨骼形态和功能改变,但并不能完全解决包括心血管功能紊乱在内的所有问题。通过对以往航天飞行及模拟失重研究结果的回顾,对失重导致的人体生理功能改变规律进行分析,本文对当前采用的主要失重防护方案优缺点进行对比,提出航天医学领域的深度体医融合是对抗失重不良生理效应保障航天员健康和安全的根本途径。The weightlessness environment in space will cause astronauts’ cardiovascular dysfunction, muscle atrophy, bone loss and decreased motor performance, which will threaten the safety of astronauts when they fly out of the capsule in orbit and their health and life after returning to the gravity environment on earth.At present, the weightlessness protection strategy based on physical exercise is widely used in long-term space flight, which can effectively alleviate the changes of musculoskeletal morphology and function caused by weightlessness to a certain extent, but it can not completely solve all problems including cardiovascular dysfunction.By reviewing the previous research results of space flight and simulated weightlessness, this paper analyzes the changes of human physiological functions caused by weightlessness, compares the advantages and disadvantages of the main weightlessness protection schemes currently adopted, and puts forward that the deep integration of sports and medicine in the field of aerospace medicine is the fundamental way to combat the adverse physiological effects of weightlessness and ensure the health and safety of astronauts.

关 键 词：载人航天 失重 模拟失重 运动锻炼 失重防护 

分 类 号：G808[文化科学—体育训练]