中药女贞子的叶绿体基因组及高变分子标记开发  

Complete chloroplast genome of Ligustrum lucidum and highly variable marker identification for Ligustrum

作　　者：靳媛茜 王钰双 高永巍 周立威 汪奕衡 袁庆军[2] 董文攀 JIN Yuan-xi;WANG Yu-shuang;GAO Yong-wei;ZHOU Li-wei;WANG Yi-heng;YUAN Qing-jun;DONG Wen-pan(School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,Chinn)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京100083 [2]中国中医科学院中药资源中心道地药材国家重点实验室培育基地,北京100700

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2022年第7期1847-1856,共10页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(BLX201932);中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03909)。

摘　　要：女贞Ligustrum lucidum是重要的药用植物,成熟果实晒干为中药女贞子,其性凉,味甘苦,可明目、乌发、补肝肾,其特点在于药性较平和,作用缓慢,久服始能见效,是一味药食两用的中药材。目前对其遗传信息了解较少,如何准确区分女贞属的物种仍有很大困难。该文利用高通量测序的方法获取了女贞的叶绿体基因组序列,并与已发表的5个女贞属物种的叶绿体全基因组进行比较分析,旨在厘清女贞属物种的叶绿体基因组变异规律,开发适合女贞属物种鉴定的分子标记。女贞的叶绿体基因组结构是环状双链分子,全长为162 162 bp,其中大单拷贝区87 204 bp、小单拷贝区11 486 bp和反向重复区31 736 bp。女贞属的叶绿体基因组很保守,物种间差异小,叶绿体基因中存在3个突变热点区,ycf1a和ycf1b可以作为女贞属专一DNA条形码。系统发生的结果显示女贞属是一个单系群,女贞与细女贞亲缘关系最近。该研究从种源上厘清女贞植物基因多样性,可以为后续的药理差异分析和药效稳定的优异品种选育提供参考。Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, the sun-dried mature fruit of Ligustrum lucidum, is cool, plain, sweet, and bitter, which can be used as both food and medicine, with the effects of improving vision, blacking hair, and tonifying liver and kidney. It takes effect slowly. However, little is known about the genetic information of the medicinal plant and it is still a challenge to distinguish Ligustrum species. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of L. lucidum was obtained by genome skimming and then compared with that of five other Ligustrum species, which had been reported. This study aims to evaluate the interspecific variation of chloroplast genome within the genus and develop molecular markers for species identification of the genus. The result showed that the chloroplast genome of L. lucidum was 162 162 bp with a circular quadripartite structure of two single-copy regions separated by a pair of inverted repeats. The Ligustrum chloroplast genomes were conserved with small interspecific difference. Comparative analysis of six Ligustrum chloroplast genomes revealed three variable regions(rbcL-accD, ycf1a, and ycf1b), and ycf1a and ycf1b can be used as the species-specific DNA barcode for Ligustrum. Phylogeny analysis provided the best resolution of Ligustrum and supported that L. lucidum was sister to L. gracile. This study clarified the genetic diversity of L. lucidum from provenance, which can serve as a reference for further analysis of pharmacological differences and breeding of excellent varieties with stable drug effects.

关 键 词：女贞 叶绿体基因组 系统发育 DNA条形码 

分 类 号：S567.19[农业科学—中草药栽培]