论预防性环境民事公益诉讼的制度化路径  

On the Institutionalization Path of Preventive Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation

作　　者：周骁然[1] Zhou Xiaoran

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学经济法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《湖湘法学评论》2022年第2期30-41,共12页HUXIANG LAW REVIEW

基　　金：重庆市教委人文社科研究项目:预防性环境民事公益诉讼制度研究(19SKGH014)

摘　　要：“绿孔雀案”“五小叶槭案”已将预防性环境民事公益诉讼推向司法实践,但在法律规范层面预防性环境民事公益诉讼却仍未完成制度化。国内外实践表明,预防性环境民事公益诉讼具有“风险预防”“义务确认”“非终局性”的特质,司法实践所秉持的“公法私法化”路径,相较于理论研究所遵循的“私法公法化”路径,能够更好地体现并契合预防性环境民事公益诉讼的特质。在“公法私法化”的路径下,应将预防性环境民事公益诉讼的制度功能定位于风险规制框架下非终局性风险决策程序补充启动之诉,进而从司法权与行政权的关系、受案范围、原告资格、审查内容、法律适用以及程序衔接六个层面,描绘预防性环境民事公益诉讼制度化的核心框架。"Pavo Muticus Case"and"Acer Pentaphyllum Diels Case"have pushed the preventive environmental civil public interest litigation into judicial practice,but the preventive environmental civil public interest litigation has not been institutionalized at legal norms.Practice at domestic and abroad shows that preventive environmental civil public interest litigation has the characteristics of"risk prevention**,^obligation confirmation"and"non finality".The path of"private legalization of public law"upheld by judicial practice can better reflect and fit the characteristics of preventive environmental civil public interest litigation than the path of"public legalization of private law"followed by theoretical research.Under the path of"public law and private law",the institutional function of preventive environmental civil public interest litigation should be positioned as the supplementary starting procedure of non final risk decisionmaking under the framework of risk regulation.The core framework of the institutionalization of preventive environmental civil public interest litigation could be described from six aspects:the relationship between judicial power and administrative power,the scope of accepting cases,the qualification of plaintiffs,the content of examination,the application of law and the connection of procedures.

关 键 词：预防性环境民事公益诉讼 风险预防 公法私法化 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]