人力资本何以成为红利? ——来自企业出口价值攀升视角的证据  

How Does Human Capital Become Dividends?--An Evidence from the Perspective of the Rising Export Value of Enterprises

作　　者：阳立高[1] 韩峰 YANG Ligao;HAN Feng(School of Economics&Management y Changsha University of Science&Technology,Changsha 410076,China;School of Economics,Nanjing Audit University,Nanjing 211815,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学经济与管理学院,湖南长沙410076 [2]南京审计大学经济学院,江苏南京211815

出　　处：《中国软科学》2022年第5期123-133,共11页China Soft Science

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目(18AJL008);国家自然科学基金面上项目(72073071)。

摘　　要：推进国际贸易发展动能由传统比较优势向人力资本优势转变,对于促进制造业出口国内附加值攀升、提升制造业国际竞争力具有重要意义.本文利用制造业企业数据和城市面板数据的匹配数据探讨人力资本对制造业出口价值攀升的影响及其作用机制.研究发现,人力资本扩张可通过促进技术创新、提升制造业结构高度化和产业结构服务化水平、强化城市集聚效应等机制提高企业出口产品国内附加值率,进而推进制造业出口价值攀升.人力资本对制造业出口国内附加值率的影响具有明显的异质性特征,取决于企业贸易类型、所在地区、所在城市及企业所有制类型等方面.II型以上大城市在制造业出口价值攀升中显著受益于人力资本外部性,而中小城市尤其是小城市在大型城市极化效应作用下,并未在人力资本外部性中获得明显出口附加值攀升优势.Promoting the transformation of international trade development momentum from traditional comparative advantage to human capital advantage is of great significance for promoting the upgrading of global value chain and enhancing the international competitiveness of manufacturing industry.This paper uses the matching data of manufacturing enterprise data and city panel data to discuss the impact of human capital on the upgrading of manufacturing value chain and its mechanism.The results find that the expansion of human capital can promote the upgrading of manufacturing value chain by promoting technological innovation,upgrading the structure of manufacturing industry and the servitization of industrial structure,and strengthening the effect of urban agglomeration,which depends on the type of enterprise trade,region,city and type of enterprise ownership.Large cities above type II have significantly benefited from the externality of human capital in the rise of export value of manufacturing industry,while small and medium-sized cities,especially small cities,have not obtained obvious advantages in the rise of export added value in the externality of human capital.

关 键 词：人力资本 企业出口国内附加值 人力资本外部性 制造业价值链升级 

分 类 号：F740[经济管理—国际贸易] F061.5[经济管理—产业经济]