中国县域生态资产损益的影响机制及优化提升路径  

The influencing mechanism of ecological asset gains and losses at the county level in China and its optimization and promotion paths

作　　者：李佳慧 黄麟[1] 曹巍[1] LI Jiahui;HUANG Lin;CAOWei(Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《地理学报》2022年第5期1260-1274,共15页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：美丽中国生态文明建设科技工程专项(XDA23020202)。

摘　　要：生态资源资产化、生态资产资本化是实现“两山”转化的一个重要途径,开展生态资产及其损益核算有助于生态系统的有效保护、科学管理和可持续利用。本文在借鉴国内外生态资产相关研究的基础上,构建了县域尺度生态资产及其损益核算技术体系,分析了1990—2018年中国县域生态资产的时空变化特征,明晰了造成生态资产损益的影响因素及作用机制,并针对具有不同生态资源类型、损益状况、驱动要素特征的县域提出了差异化的优化提升路径。结果表明:①以农田、森林生态资源为主的县域数分别约占县域总数的45%和37%;1990—2018年中国县域生态存量资产的质量整体呈波动中上升趋势,而生态流量资产的变化趋势差异显著,近70%县域水源涵养量减少。②生态流量资产价值呈现损与益态势的县域数分别约占44%和37%,空间分布呈现与“胡焕庸线”一致的分割特征,即西北广大地区县域明显增益,而东部和南部县域有所减损。③1990—2018年中国超过70%县域生态资产变化受气候变化与人类活动共同驱动,人类活动对生态资产增益县域的平均作用率约80%,而气候变化对生态资产减损县域的平均作用率约为60%。④综合分析,可将全国县域分为适应、减缓气候变化和生态资源修复、保护、管理5种类型,采用差异化的生态资产优化提升路径。The capitalization of ecological resources and ecological asset is an important way to realize the transformation to"Lucid Waters and Lush Mountains are Invaluable Assets".The accounting of ecological asset and its gains and losses is conducive to the effective protection,scientific management and sustainable utilization of the ecosystem.Based on relevant domestic and foreign research on ecological asset,this paper developed a technical accounting system of ecological asset and its gains and losses at the county level,analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of ecological asset in China from 1990 to 2018,and then identified the influencing factors which caused the gains and losses of ecological asset.The optimization and promotion paths were finally proposed for counties with different types of ecological resources,gain and loss status and varied driving factors.The results showed that about 45%and 37%of counties were dominated by farmland and forest ecological resources,respectively.From 1990 to 2018,the quality of county-level ecological stock asset showed an increasing trend with fluctuation,while the change trend of ecological flow asset was significantly different,showing decreased water conservation volume in nearly 70%of the counties.The number of counties with the gains and losses of ecological flow asset accounted for approximately 44%and 37%,respectively.The spatial distribution of the gains and losses of ecological flow asset showed the same segmentation characteristics as"Hu Line",that is,the counties in the vastness of northwest China experienced significant gains,while decreases were widespread in eastern and southern China.Over the study period,the change of ecological asset in more than 70%of the counties in China was driven by climate change and human activities.The average impact degree of human activities affecting the gains of ecological asset in counties was about 80%,while that of climate change affecting the losses of ecological asset in counties was about 60%.Through comprehensive anal

关 键 词：生态资产 损益状况 气候变化 人类活动 提升路径 

分 类 号：X22[环境科学与工程—环境科学]