基于多源数据的城市扩张中热环境演变及响应  

Thermal Environment Evolution and Response Mechanism of Urban Sprawl Based on Multi-source Data

作　　者：梁建设 白永平[1] 杨雪荻 高祖桥 李玲蔚 张春悦 王倩 LIANG Jian-she;BAI Yong-ping;YANG Xue-di;GAO Zu-qiao;LI Ling-wei;ZHANG Chun-yue;WANG Qian(College of Geography and Environmental Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070 [2]兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《环境科学》2022年第6期3365-3374,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40771054);甘肃省重点研发计划项目(18YF1FA052);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金联合项目(20106203110002)。

摘　　要：改善城市热环境,提升人居环境质量是创建生态宜居城市的重要前提.目前对城市扩张与热环境关系的研究多基于遥感数据,多源数据应用较薄弱.选取西安都市圈核心区,基于2010年和2020年Landsat遥感影像测定城市扩张及热环境时空演变状况,利用兴趣点和百度热力指数等多源数据,通过地学统计分析方法对城市热环境响应机制进行多方面研究.结果表明:①研究区建设用地共扩张200.84 km^(2),面积和强度呈现“中心和外围较弱,两者之间较强”特征,扩张模式以边缘式和填充式为主.②2010~2020年间,研究区整体热环境恶化,热岛区面积增加282.65 km^(2),热岛区蔓延与城市扩张方向一致,分布格局由“东南-西北”向“东北-西南”演变;但城市中心区平均温度下降1.09℃.③城市扩张与城市热环境恶化表现为强正相关;城市空间规模扩大对热环境恶化的贡献率为60.40%;各社会经济因素作用程度较弱,总体贡献率为39.60%,植被水体降温作用明显,多因素共同影响下,地表温度共增加0.241个单位.城市扩张过程中地表参数和城市二维形态变化依然是热环境变化的主要因素,而三维形态和社会经济活动升温作用相比较小,水体和植被降温贡献突出.Improving the urban thermal environment and improving the quality of human settlements are important prerequisites for creating ecologically livable cities.The current research on the relationship between urban expansion and the thermal environment is mostly based on remote sensing data,and the application of multi-source data is weak.Here,we selected the Xi'an metropolitan core area,measured the urban expansion and temporal and spatial evolution of the thermal environment based on Landsat remote sensing images in 2010 and 2020,and used multi-source data,such as interest points and the Baidu thermal index,to study the response mechanism of the urban thermal environment through geoscience statistical analysis methods.The results showed that:①the construction land in the study area had expanded by 200.84 km^(2),and the area and intensity showed that“the center and the periphery are weaker,and the difference between the two”characteristics,and the expansion mode was mainly edge type and infill type.②Between 2010 and 2020,the overall thermal environment in the study area deteriorated,and the area of the heat island area increased by 282.65 km^(2).The spread of the heat island area was in the same direction as the urban expansion,and the distribution pattern evolved from“southeast-northwest”to“northeast-southwest;”however,the average temperature in the central area of the city decreased 1.09℃.③Urban expansion was strongly positively correlated with the deterioration of the urban thermal environment.The expansion of urban space had a contribution rate of 60.40%to the deterioration of the thermal environment,and various socio-economic factors had a weaker effect,with an overall contribution rate of 39.60%.The vegetation water body had an obvious cooling effect;under the influence of multiple factors,the surface temperature increased by 0.241 units.In the process of urban expansion,changes in surface parameters and two-dimensional urban morphology were still the main factors for thermal environment ch

关 键 词：城市扩张 城市热岛 多源大数据 空间主成分分析 西安都市圈核心区 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]