基于阻容模型的寒冷地区建筑热负荷预测方法研究——以某办公建筑为例  

Analysis of Factors Influencing Building Heat Load Based on Resistance-capacitance Model

作　　者：秦承敏 于慧俐[1] 王敬博 QIN Cheng-min;YU Hui-li;WANG Jing-bo(School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Qingdao Technological University,Qingdao 266033,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院,山东青岛266033

出　　处：《建筑节能（中英文）》2022年第5期68-72,共5页Building Energy Efficiency

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目“海水-土壤双源热泵系统热过程协同机理及设计与节能运行方法重构研究”(51761145014)。

摘　　要：为预测建筑短期动态热负荷,根据建筑围护结构的传热特性建立建筑等效电路模型。考虑建筑围护结构以及室内蓄热体的影响,选择室外空气温度、太阳辐射室外参数作为模型的输入变量,将建筑热负荷作为模型的输出,建立7R4C建筑等效电路模型。以青岛地区某办公建筑为研究对象,采用遗传算法,利用冬季实测数据进行参数辨识求解得到等效电路中各个参数,进而对建筑热负荷进行预测。与实际测量数据进行对比发现,建立的负荷预测模型的预测准确性较高,预测速度较快。调整模型中主要参数的辨识范围,然后对等效电路预测得到的负荷变化进行分析,分析参数变化得到外窗的等效参数对建筑热负荷影响较大,其次是墙体外侧等效热容,可指导实际工程节能改造。In order to predict the short-term dynamic heat load of building,the equivalent circuit model of building is established according to the heat transfer characteristics of building envelope.Considering the influence of the building envelope and the indoor heat storage body,the outdoor air temperature and solar radiation outdoor parameters are selected as the input variables of the model,and the building heat load is used as the output of the model,and the 7R4C building equivalent circuit model is established.Taking an office building in Qingdao as the research object,the genetic algorithm is used to identify and solve the parameters in the equivalent circuit by using the measured data in winter,and then the thermal load of the building is predicted.Compared with the actual measurement data,it is found that the equivalent circuit model has better load forecasting performance and faster forecasting speed.The sensitivity analysis of the output variation of the model is carried out by changing the parameter range that has a great influence on the load in the equivalent circuit.The analysis results show that the equivalent thermal resistance of the window has a great influence on the load output,followed by the equivalent heat capacity outside the wall,which can guide the energy saving transformation of practical engineering.

关 键 词：等效电路 负荷预测 遗传算法 参数识别 敏感性分析 

分 类 号：TU8[建筑科学]