美国人权价值观的分裂及其影响  

Fragmentation of Contemporary American Values on Human Rights and the Impact

作　　者：崔小涛 Cui Xiaotao

机构地区：[1]中国国际问题研究院国际战略研究所

出　　处：《人权》2022年第1期168-188,共21页Human Rights

摘　　要：近些年来,美国国内围绕人权价值观及其实践的分裂日趋激烈,主要表现为民主党与共和党在主要人权议题上严重分化并围绕基础性的核心人权理念与原则进行争夺,美国政府在人权外交政策上出现反复,标志性的人权事件不断出现。美国国内人权价值观的分裂有着深刻的政治、经济、社会、宗教根源,是美国国内贫富差距拉大、文化多元主义与盎格鲁-撒克逊白人文化冲突加剧、人口结构持续变化、基督教福音派政治影响上升等因素所导致。美国人权价值观分裂反过来也会深刻影响美国的核心价值观认同,加剧国内的社会分裂和不平等问题的解决难度,助推政治上的“部落化”“种族化”等极化趋势,削弱美国自视甚高的“人权榜样”形象,并进一步暴露人权外交在美国对外战略中的政治工具属性。In recent years, the division concerning values on human rights and practices in the United States has become increasingly fierce.It is mainly manifested in the serious division between the Democratic Party and the Republican Party on major human rights issues and the competition around basic core human rights concepts and principles.With the retrogression of the human rights diplomacy of the US government, iconic human rights events have emerged.The division of values on human rights in the United States has profound political, economic, social, and religious root causes.It is the result of the widening gap between the rich and the poor in the United States, the intensification of cultural conflicts between cultural pluralism and Anglo-Saxon white culture, the continuous change of demographic structure, and the rising political influence of evangelical Christianity.The division of American values on human rights will have a profound impact on the core values of the United States, aggravate social division within the US,increase the difficulty in resolving inequality issues, promote political polarization such as“tribalization”and“racialization”,weaken the image of the US as its self-styled“human rights model”,and further exposes the role of human rights diplomacy as a political tool in the US foreign strategy.

关 键 词：美国人权 人权价值观 人权外交 系统性危机 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学] D871.2[政治法律—中外政治制度]