局限与超脱:存在论视域下的老子哲学解读  

Limitation and Detachment:An Interpretation of Lao Tzu’s Philosophy from the Perspective of Ontology

作　　者：林慧川 LIN Hui-chuan(School of Marxism,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou Guangdong,510006,China)

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学马克思主义学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《晋中学院学报》2022年第4期20-27,共8页Journal of Jinzhong University

摘　　要：老子哲学蕴含着浓厚的存在论思想。具体地说,通过对“道”的源先存在的形而上主体地位的确立,老子哲学对人类存在的基本结构与要素作出了如下界定:一方面,人类的存在具有自身的“有身性”与外部的“有法性”之双重局限;另一方面,人类却可通过“贵身”“无为”“柔弱”“图难于其易”“不欲盈”等存在方式对这些局限予以化解,从而实现存在的超脱。老子哲学的这一存在论思想,对于人类存在的自身局限与外部局限予以了统一的化解,同时也对单数的存在问题(个体)与复数的存在问题(国家社会)作出了统一的解答。对于人类的存在问题而言,老子哲学具有普遍的有效性,并具有圆融、简约与宽容的思想特质。进一步说,老子哲学对于资本、科技与权力所主宰的现代语境中人的存在问题,或可带来某种反思与警醒。Lao Tzu’s Philosophy contains strong ontological thoughts.Specifically,through the establishment of the metaphysical subject status of the pre-existence of the source of“Tao”,Lao Tzu’s philosophy defines the basic structure and elements of human existence as follows:on the one hand,human’s existence has its own double limitations of“incarnation”and external“principle”;On the other hand,human beings can resolve these two limitations through such existing ways as“valuing the body”,“inaction”,“weakness”,“making the difficult when it was easy”and“not wanting to be abundant”,so as to achieve the transcendence of existence.This ontological thought of Lao Tzu’s philosophy not only unifies the self-limitation and external limitation of human existence,but also makes a unified answer to the existence problems of singular(individual)and plural(nation-society).For the problems of human existence,Lao Tzu’s philosophy has a universal effectiveness,and has the ideological characteristics of harmony,simplicity and tolerance.Furthermore,Lao Tzu’s philosophy may bring some reflection and vigilance to the problems of human existence in the modern context dominated by capital,technology and power.

关 键 词：老子哲学 存在 道 局限 超脱 

分 类 号：B21[哲学宗教—中国哲学]