内毒素耐受分子机制及临床意义  

Molecular mechanisms and clinical significance of endotoxin tolerance

作　　者：李茹 孙文长[1] LI Ru;SUN Wenchang(Department of Microbiology,Dalian Medical University,Dalian 116044,China)

机构地区：[1]大连医科大学微生物学教研室,大连116044

出　　处：《生命的化学》2022年第3期545-549,共5页Chemistry of Life

摘　　要：机体受到感染或严重损伤时,适当的炎症反应能有效抵御病原菌的侵袭,而过度的炎症反应会导致严重的脓毒症和脓毒性休克等。长时间的细菌感染,其中的脂多糖可诱导内毒素耐受,内毒素耐受是把“双刃剑”:一方面,可以减少体内外炎症细胞因子的产生,增加组织细胞的吞噬抗菌能力,有利于机体对感染损伤的清除;另一方面,又与免疫抑制阶段诱导的继发性感染死亡有关。因此,调节内毒素耐受对于维持机体免疫反应平衡很重要。本文主要综述了内毒素的耐受机制及临床意义。对内毒素耐受机理的深入理解有利于脓毒症以及新冠肺炎的预防和治疗。When the body is infected or seriously injured,appropriate inflammatory response can effectively fight back the invasion of pathogens,however,excessive inflammatory response can lead to severe sepsis or septic shock.Lipopolysaccharide(LPS),an active principle of endotoxin,can induce endotoxin tolerance in long-term bacterial infection.Endotoxin tolerance is a“double-edged sword”.On the one hand,endotoxin tolerance can reduce the over-production of inflammatory cytokines in vivo and in vitro,increase the phagocytosis and antibacterial ability of tissue cells,which is beneficial to the elimination of infection damage;on the other hand,it is related to the secondary infection death induced by immunosuppression.Therefore,the regulation of endotoxin tolerance is especially important to maintain the balance of immune response.This paper mainly reviews the mechanisms and clinical significance of endotoxin tolerance.The in-depth understanding of the mechanisms is favorable to the prevention and treatment of sepsis and coronavirus disease 2019.

关 键 词：内毒素耐受 TOLL样受体 染色质重塑 脓毒症 

分 类 号：R363[医药卫生—病理学]