芝麻蒴果发育过程中蒴果皮的光合作用及籽粒充实的变化研究  

Study on the changes in photosynthetic capacity of capsule walls and grain filling in Sesamum indicum during capsule development

作　　者：陈艳妮 徐鸿儒 赵云燕 朱康 李靖 徐崟海 危文亮 CHEN Yanni;XU Hongru;ZHAO Yunyan;ZHU Kang;LI Jing;XU Yinhai;WEI Wenliang(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou,Hubei 434025,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025

出　　处：《植物生理学报》2022年第4期723-732,共10页Plant Physiology Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31871661)。

摘　　要：很多作物的“非叶绿色器官”具有光合作用,并对增加作物产量有重要贡献。本文为探索芝麻蒴果皮的光合能力及其与籽粒充实的关系,在芝麻授粉后不同时间测定了蒴果皮的叶绿素荧光参数、叶绿素含量和核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(Rubisco)活性变化等光合作用相关指标,以及蒴果皮和籽粒中可溶性糖、淀粉、蛋白质和脂肪含量等籽粒充实相关指标。结果表明:芝麻蒴果皮叶绿素含量在5~35 DAP期间保持较高值;且Rubisco活性在5~25 DAP期间显著上升,25 DAP时达到峰值之后显著下降。对蒴果皮实际光合效率(ΦPSII)和快速光曲线初始斜率(α)的分析结果也进一步揭示芝麻蒴果具有较高的光合能力,是光合作用的重要源器官之一。芝麻蒴果皮的可溶性糖含量在5~20 DAP期间一直维持高水平合成,但在25 DAP时急剧减少;与此同时,籽粒中可溶性糖含量在5~15 DAP迅速增加,并于15 DAP达到峰值后迅速下降。在蒴果发育和籽粒充实过程中,蒴果皮中的淀粉、蛋白和脂肪含量较低,但籽粒中的脂肪、淀粉和可溶性蛋白含量则分别在10 DAP(脂肪)或20 DAP(淀粉和蛋白)开始急剧增加,且分别在25 DAP(脂肪)、35 DAP(淀粉和蛋白)达峰值。表明芝麻蒴果皮中光合作用产生的可溶性糖转运到籽粒后可能优先转化形成脂肪,且15~25 DAP是芝麻籽粒脂肪合成的重要时期。蒴果皮ΦPSII与籽粒干重和脂肪含量均呈显著正相关,表明芝麻蒴果皮的光合作用可能对粒重形成和油脂合成有重要贡献。“Non-foliar green organs”have been found to have photosynthesis in many crops and contribute significantly to yield,but it has not been reported in sesame.To investigate the photosynthetic capacity of the green sesame capsule wall and its changes together with grain filling,photosynthesis-related factors,such as chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,chlorophyll content and Rubisco of sesame capsule walls,and grain-filling related index,such as soluble sugar,starch,protein and fat content in the capsule walls and grains,were measured.The results was revealed that the chlorophyll in sesame capsule walls remained a high content during 5 to 35 DAP,and the Rubisco activity in sesame capsule walls increased significantly during 5 and 25 DAP,and decreased significantly after it reached a peak at 25 DAP.The fluorescence parameter analysis ofΦPSII parameter and the initial slope(α)of the capsule walls further indicated sesame capsule walls was one of the important source organs for its high photosynthetic capacity.Soluble sugar in the capsule walls was synthesized at a high level during the period from 5 to 20 DAP,but decreased sharply at 25 DAP,while it increased rapidly from 5 to 15 DAP,and decreased rapidly after reaching the peak at 15 DAP in the developing grains.During the capsule development and grain filling of sesame,the content of starch,protein and fat were very low in the capsule walls,but increased sharply in the grains,i.e.,the fat content at 10 DAP,and the starch and soluble protein content at 20 DAP,and then reached the maximum at 25 DAP(fat content)and 35 DAP(starch and soluble protein content),respectively.The results indicated that the soluble sugar photosynthesized in sesame capsule walls may be preferentially converted to crude fat after transported into the grains,and 15-25 DAP was an important period for fat synthesis in sesame grains.Significant positively correlation between theΦPSII of sesame capsule walls with grain dry weight and fat content further revealed the possible important contribu

关 键 词：芝麻 蒴果皮 光合作用 籽粒充实 

分 类 号：S565.3[农业科学—作物学]