存在之例外与无限之发生——论列维纳斯后期哲学中的主体性  

Exception of Being and Passing Itself of the Infinite:On Levinas' Subjectivity in His Late Philosophy

作　　者：朱刚 Zhu Gang

机构地区：[1]中山大学哲学系、东西哲学与文明互鉴研究中心

出　　处：《哲学研究》2022年第5期94-105,F0003,共13页Philosophical Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“《列维纳斯文集》翻译与研究”(编号20&ZD035)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：与现代哲学中各式各样反主体性和解构主体性的流行做法不同,列维纳斯以保卫主体性为其哲学宗旨。但列维纳斯所保卫的主体性既不是作为存在之环节,因而可以还原为存在的主体性,也不是自身被视为原则、根据、本原的主体性,而是一种别样的主体性。在列维纳斯哲学后期,这种主体性一方面被视为“存在的例外”,体现在我对他人的说、感受、切近与替代之中;另一方面是对无限的见证,是无限由之发生的方式。如果我们把列维纳斯所说的“主体性”视为中国哲学中“心性”的对应物,而把“存在”或“无限”视为中国哲学中“道体”的对应物,那么列维纳斯这里主体性与存在以及主体性与无限的这两种不同关系,正可视为“心性与道体”在西方哲学中的两种可能。Many modern philosophers and schools oppose or deconstruct the concept of subjectivity, while Levinastakes the defense of subjectivity as his philosophical purpose. However, the subjectivity defended by Levinasis neither the subjectivity as a moment of Being and is thus reduced to Being, nor the subjectivity as principle,ground or origin, but a different kind of subjectivity. On one hand, in his late philosophy, Levinas treatssubjectivity as the “exception of Being”, which is embodied in sensibility, proximity and substitution for theother. On the other hand, the subjectivity serves also as the testimony of the infinite and a way in which theinfinite passes itself. The relation between subjectivity and Being, and that between subjectivity and theinfinite, emerge as a counterpart of the relation betweenXinxingandDaotiin Chinese philosophy.

关 键 词：主体性 说 感受 切近 替代 无限 

分 类 号：B565.5[哲学宗教—外国哲学]