加强中国对外话语体系建设:挑战与方向  

The Improvement and Construction of China’s International Discourse System:Challenges and Direction

作　　者：孙吉胜[1,2] SUN Jisheng

机构地区：[1]外交学院,北京100037 [2]外交学院北京市对外交流与外事管理基地,北京100037

出　　处：《外交评论（外交学院学报）》2022年第3期1-20,I0001,I0002,共22页Foreign Affairs Review

摘　　要：党的十八大以来,中国切实加强对外话语体系建设,在思想上高度重视,在行动上多方努力,加大对外发声力度、拓宽发声渠道、丰富话语内容、增加话语主动性、提升国际传播能力。与此同时,中国在国际舆论场中还面临多重挑战,中国主题“他议”和中国形象“他塑”现象依然普遍,对中国存在根深蒂固的误解和误读,一些国家无理打压中国媒体和媒介,针对中国的负面信息经常搅动世界舆论,使中国不时面临国际话语和舆情压力。加强对外话语体系建设是一个系统工程,既需要具备基本对外交流能力、专业能力、话语塑造能力和舆论把控能力,也涉及跨文化交际能力、思辨能力和共情能力。为了更好地回应国际社会的期待和关切,在世界上塑造公正、客观、全面的中国观,中国亟需进一步加强对外话语体系建设,在多层话语内容、多样话语风格、多元话语主体、多维话语平台以及多学科人才培养等方面锐意进取、开拓创新,为维护国家利益、提升国家形象塑造良好的国际话语和舆论环境,增进各国相互信任,加强国际团结合作,共同应对风险挑战,携手构建人类命运共同体。Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,China has been improving its international discourse system,attaching great importance to it and making various efforts to improve it such as strengthening international communication,broadening communication channels,enriching discourse content,increasing discourse initiative and improving international communication capacity.At the same time,regarding international public opinion,China also faces multiple challenges.The phenomenon of“China discussed by others”and“Chinese image shaped by others”is still common.There are deep-rooted misunderstandings and misreading of China.Some countries unreasonably suppress Chinese media and relevant agencies.Negative information against China often misleads world public opinion,making China face various kinds of pressure from international discourse and public opinion.Strengthening the construction and improvement of international discourse system is a systematic project,which requires not only basic foreign language ability,professional ability,discourse shaping ability and public opinion leading ability,but also the ability of cross-cultural communication,critical thinking,and empathy.To better meet the expectations and better respond to the concerns of the international community and shape a fair,objective and comprehensive view towards China in the world,China urgently needs to further strengthen the construction and improvement of its international discourse system at multiple levels and multiple dimensions in terms of discourse content,styles,subjects,platforms,and multidisciplinary talent training.Only in this way can China create a favorable international discursive environment,better safeguard national interests,and improve national image.Only in this way can China continue to enhance mutual trust with other countries,strengthen international solidarity and cooperation,jointly address international challenges,and build a community with a shared future for humankind with other countries.

关 键 词：对外话语体系建设 话语能力 国际传播 话语权 国际舆论 中国观 

分 类 号：D820[政治法律—政治学]