子夏“乐教”与《大司乐》的由来  

The Origin of Zixia's“Yue Jiao”and Da Si Yue

作　　者：王齐洲[1] WANG Qizhou

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学文学院、湖北文学理论与批评研究中心

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第6期1-14,共14页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：在儒学教育中,“乐教”的传承最不明晰,《乐经》之有无一直是学术争论的焦点。战国初年,孔子弟子子夏在魏国从事儒学教育,培养了大批儒学人才。魏文侯作为子夏弟子,不仅服膺儒学,向子夏请教“乐”学问题,而且撰写《孝经传》宣传儒学思想,在其国内推行儒学教育。他的乐工窦公保存有《大司乐》文本,应该和当时魏国所推行的礼乐教化有关。因此,《大司乐》应该是儒学“乐教”文献,而《乐记》则极有可能是子夏、窦公等人对《大司乐》的具体解说。事实证明,子夏在魏国继承和发展了孔子的“乐教”理论和实践。通过现存文献的综合分析可以推断,《大司乐》是孔子晚年确定的儒学“乐教”教材,涵盖了儒学“乐教”的全部理论和实践;孔子逝后,子夏将其带到魏国加以传播,魏国乐工窦公保管了这份文献并由其后人献给了汉文帝。《大司乐》后来被整合进《周礼》中,长期作为儒家“礼学”文献,掩盖了它实际上是古《乐经》的事实。In Confucian education,the inheritance of“Yue Jiao”is the most unclear one and whether Yue Jing existed or not has always been the focus of academic debate.In the early years of the Warring States period,Zixia,a Confucian disciple,was engaged in Confucian education in Wei State,and trained a large number of Confucian talents.As his disciple,Wei Wenhou not only subscribed to Confucianism,asked Zixia for advice on“Yue”studies,but also wrote the Book of Filial Piety to promote Confucianism and promote Confucian education in his country.His musician Dou Gong also preserved the Da Si Yue document,and Yue Ji is very likely to be Zixia,Dou Gong and others'expositions on Da Si Yue.Facts have proved that Zixia inherited and developed Confucius'theory and practice of“Yue Jiao”in Wei.Through a comprehensive analysis of existing documents,Da Si Yue is a Confucian“Yue Jiao”textbook identified by Confucius in his later years,covering all the theories and practices of Confucian“Yue Jiao”.After Confucius died,Zixia brought it to Wei State to spread it.Gong Dou,who is the Yue worker in Wei State,kept this document and his descendant later dedicated it to Emperor Wen in the West Han Dynasty.Da Si Yue was later integrated into Zhou Li as a Confucian“ritual”document for a long time,concealing the fact that it is actually the ancient Yue Jing.

关 键 词：子夏 乐教 《大司乐》 《乐经》 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]