殷墟王裕口南地出土磨石研究  

Research on Grindstone Unearthed in South Wangyukou of Yinxu

作　　者：杨宽[1] 赵俊杰[1] 何毓灵[2] Yang Kuan;Zhao Junjie;He Yuling

机构地区：[1]安阳师范学院考古系 [2]中国社会科学院考古研究所

出　　处：《农业考古》2022年第3期115-123,共9页Agricultural Archaeology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“殷墟王裕口南地考古发掘报告”(批准号:16CKG008);河南省哲学社会科学规划项目“殷墟王裕口南地出土石器的功能研究”(项目编号:2017CKG002);河南省高校人文社会科学研究一般项目“殷墟晚商墓葬青铜爵、觚组合研究”(批准号:2021-ZZJH-007)。

摘　　要：本文以王裕口南地出土的磨石(A型)为主要研究对象,通过系统的观察与工艺设计分析,了解到该类型磨石的选料主要为粗糙的砾石,多为砂岩与石英岩。该类型磨石主要有两个特征,一是便于手持把握,二是有相对较平的工作面,用平滑后废弃。资源域调查表明,磨石的原料最近可能来自距王裕口遗址4公里左右的洹河,资源较为丰富。通过打制实验,表明打制方法因原料体积大小而有所区别,10厘米左右的砾石以锤击法为主,15厘米以上的砾石比较适合摔击法;通过磨制骨器与石器的使用实验,表明此种磨石都能较好地完成初级磨制定型工作,而在本遗址内,主要用于磨制骨器。对比此遗址内殷墟各时期磨石数量,推测在殷墟文化3期与4期时,遗址内的制骨行业有所增加,其生产性质可能是利用生产空隙时间从事家庭手工业生产。以磨石的高利用率情况,推断当时统治阶级可能对洹河及其石料等资源进行比较严格的控制。Taking the grindstone(A-type)unearthed in the south of Wangyukou as the main research object,through systematic analysis of observation and techniques,this paper discusses that the material of grindstone is mainly coarse(larger grain)gravel,mostly sandstone and quartzite.This type of grindstone has two features,the one being that it is easy to hold in the hand,the other that it has a relatively flat working surface which is discarded after smoothing.Resource domain investigation shows that the raw materials of A-type grindstone may mainly come from the Huan river about 4km away from the Wangyukou site,and the resources are relatively abundant.Chipped experiment indicates that the chipped method is different due to the size of the volume.The gravel of about 10 cm is mainly hammered,and the gravel of more than 15 cm is more suitable for thrown method.The experiment of grinding bone and stone tools shows that both of these grindstones can complete the primary grinding and shaping process.In South Wangyukou,they are mainly used for bone grinding.The comparison of A-type grindstone quantity in different periods of Yinxu indicates that the bone-grinding industry increased in the third and fourth period of Yinxu,and it is inferred that the domestic handicraft industry was conducted in subsistence gap.The high utilization ratio of grindstone suggests that the ruling class probably took tight control of Huan river and its stone resources,etc.

关 键 词：殷墟 王裕口 磨石 实验考古 

分 类 号：K876[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]