汽车鼓式制动器动态可靠性优化设计  

Dynamic Reliability Optimization Design of Automobile Drum Brake

作　　者：何宁 张德龙 张庆华 HE Ning;ZHANG Delong;ZHANG Qinghua(School of Vehicle Engineering,Gansu Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Tianshui 741000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃机电职业技术学院车辆工程学院,甘肃天水741000

出　　处：《汽车实用技术》2022年第12期44-51,共8页Automobile Applied Technology

基　　金：甘肃省自然科学基金(18JR3RE422)。

摘　　要：将鼓式制动器的动态可靠度作为结构优化设计三要素中的约束之一,能够较好地解决鼓式制动器在长期使用中寿命及制动可靠度下降的问题。由道路试验标准得出鼓式制动器的制动可靠度、刹车距离、刹车时间三者之间的关系,从而构造出其时变可靠度约束条件。以鼓式制动器的制动效能因数最大、制动温升最低加权耦合的新函数作为其优化设计数学模型的目标函数。以支撑销式鼓式制动器为实例,利用以上所建立的优化设计数学模型,并基于MATLAB编写的遗传算子操作粒子群算法程序进行优化求解。其优化结果显示,优化后,该制动器的制动效能因数较优化前的参数提高了12.20%,制动温升较优化前的参数降低了13.59%。Taking the dynamic reliability of the drum brake as one of the constraints of the three elements of its optimal design can solve the problems of the decline of the life and braking reliability of the drum brake in long-term use. The relationship among the braking reliability, braking distance and braking time of drum brake is obtained from the road test standard, and the time-varying reliability constraint condition is constructed. The new weighted coupling function of the drum brake with the largest braking efficiency factor and the lowest braking temperature rise was taken as the objective function of the mathematical model of its optimization design. Taking the support pin drum brake as an example, the mathematical model of optimization design established above is used, and the genetic operator particle swarm optimization algorithm program written based on MATLAB is used to optimize the solution. The optimization results show that: after optimization, the braking efficiency factor of the brake is 12.20% higher than that before optimization, and the temperature rise of the brake is 13.59% lower than that before optimization.

关 键 词：鼓式制动器 动态可靠度优化设计 遗传算子 粒子群算法 

分 类 号：U463.51[机械工程—车辆工程]