高温环境下PAP诱导训练对短跑运动员爆发力的影响  

The High Temperature Effect of PAP Induction Training on Explosive Power for Sprinters

作　　者：朱小芋 部义峰[1] 朱闯 樊继鑫 杨清 骆冬亚 ZHU Xiaoyu;BU Yifeng;ZHU Chuang;FAN Jixin;YANG Qing;LUO Dongya(Jiangsu Normal University,Xuzhou 221116,China;East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学,江苏徐州221116 [2]华东师范大学,上海200241

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2022年第6期47-53,共7页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家体育总局重点研究领域课题(2014B074);江苏高校“青蓝工程”资助项目。

摘　　要：目的:探讨高温、常湿环境下,激活后增强(PAP)诱导训练负荷以及间歇时间对短跑运动员垂直爆发力、水平爆发力以及水平加速的影响。方法:选取11名一级、6名二级男子短跑运动员,测试其诱导训练前后垂直纵跳(CMJ)、立定跳远(SLJ)、10码跑(TYR)成绩(温度>32℃,相对湿度<60%)。诱导训练负荷(L)分别为1×4×90% 1RM、1×6×85% 1RM、1×8×80% 1RM、1×10×75% 1RM(组数×次数×% 1RM),间歇时间(T)分别为3 min、6 min、9 min、12 min。结果:诱导训练后的T_(3 min)测试成绩均低于基准成绩(Pre);T_(6 min) 3项测试成绩提高幅度最大,CMJ测试在T_(6 min)与1×10×75% 1RM组合时提高6.1%(P<0.05),SLJ与TYL测试最佳成绩在T_(6 min)与1×4×90% 1RM组合时,成绩分别提高2.4%、1.5%;CMJ与SLJ测试的T_(9 min)成绩与Pre相比有所提高,但无显著性差异(P>0.05),TYR测试T_(9 min)成绩呈下降趋势,但无显著性差异(P>0.05);T_(12 min)测试成绩均低于Pre(P>0.05)。结论:在高温环境下,间歇时间对PAP存在显著影响,负荷对PAP无显著性影响;75%~90% 1RM均能产生PAP,T_(6 min)对运动表现影响最大,产生的PAP效应最佳;诱导训练后过短或过长时间的间歇均不会提高运动表现。Objective:To investigate the effects of PAP induction training load and interval time on vertical power,horizontal power and horizontal acceleration of sprinters at high temperature.Methods:Eleven level 1 and six level 2 male sprinters were selected to perform the tests of counter-movement jump(CMJ),standing long jump(SLJ)and 10 yard run(TYR)before and after induction training(temperature>32℃,relative humidity<60% ).Induction training load(L)was 1×4×90% 1RM,1×6×85% 1RM,1×8×80% 1RM and 1×10×75% 1RM(groups of training×times×% 1RM);intermittent time(T)was 3 min,6 min,9 min and 12 min.Results:T3 min test scores after induction training were lower than benchmark scores(Pre).Three test scores in T_(6 min) showed the largest improvement.When the load of CMJ test was 1×10×75% 1RM at T_(6 min),the improvement rate was 6.1% (P<0.05).The best scores of SLJ and TYL test were in T_(6 min) and 1×4×90% 1RM,which improved by 2.4% and 1.5% respectively.The T_(9 min) score of CMJ and SLJ test was improved compared with Pre,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05).The T_(9 min) score of TYR test showed a downward trend,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05).The T_(12 min) test scores were all lower than the benchmark scores(P>0.05).Conclusions:In high temperature environment,interval time after induction training had significant influence on PAP.There was no significant effect of load on PAP.PAP can be generated from 75% to 90% 1RM.T_(6 min) had the greatest impact on CMJ,SLJ and TYR performance.Neither shorter interval nor longer interval could improve performance.

关 键 词：高温 激活后增强 诱导训练 爆发力 

分 类 号：G808.1[文化科学—体育训练]