海昏汉简《易占》考述  

A Study on the Haihun Yi Zhan Han Manuscript

作　　者：易萧 Yi Xiao

机构地区：[1]清华大学历史系

出　　处：《出土文献》2022年第2期117-140,158,共25页Excavated Documents

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“清华简与儒家经典的形成发展研究”(16ZDA114)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：海昏汉简《易占》是辗转传抄的占筮条例汇编,其占法与六壬相通之处最多。《易占》卦名用字最接近于今本《周易》,对卦名的训释不出汉代以来的传统说法。“未酉”简误抄了归妹、未济两卦的内容。“彖”和“饺”分别抄自两个左旋的圆形图式,它们提供了两种新的六十四卦卦序。《易占》有八天干配四维、纳甲和“六甲配卦”等三种干支配卦方式。《易占》划分时空为十六是秦汉时期一种流行观点,在六壬式地盘及《淮南子》中皆有体现。其时空配卦,与《易纬稽览图》所载两种分卦值日之法较为类似,其来源和用法亦当接近。《易占》的禽虫系统至少包括三十六禽(及十二属)、八卦类象和“四灵”三种。海昏汉简三种易占文献,对西汉经学、易学、数术等诸多方面的研究都有重要意义。The Yi Zhan 易占 manuscript was unearthed from the tomb of the Marquis of Haihun.It is an indirectly copied compilation of divination regulations and methods,closely related to Liuren 六壬.The hexagram names used in Yi Zhan are closest to the current version of the Changes 周易,in opposition to the idea from the Han dynasty onwards that the hexagram names could not be interpreted.The slips containing the hexagram Weiyou 未酉 mistakenly copied the contents from Guimei 归妹 and Weiji 未济.The Tuan 彖 and Jiao 饺 hexagrams are copied from two anticlockwise circular patterns,providing two new sequences for the 64 hexagrams.There are three ways to match Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches with the hexagrams in Yi Zhan:the"Eight Heavenly Stems matching the Four Corners" 八天干配四维,the"Najia" 纳甲,and the"Liujia matching hexagram"六甲配卦 systems.The division of time and space into sixteen parts as seen in the Yi Zhan was a popular theory in the Qin and Han dynasties,and is also reflected in the Liuren divination disk 六壬式地盘 and the Huainanzi 淮南子.Its matching of hexagrams to time and space is very similar to the fengua zhiri 分卦值日 system recorded in the Yiwei jilan tu 易纬稽览图,which suggests they are very close in origin.There were at least three kinds of animal and insect systems in the Yi Zhan:the"Thirty-six animals and insects"三十六禽(and the"Twelve Zodiac Animals"),the"Eight animals representing the Eight Diagrams"and the“Four Spirits" 四灵.These documents unearthed from the tomb of the Marquis of Haihun are of great significance to the study of Confucian classics,Yi-studies,divination and many other aspects of the Western Han Dynasty.

关 键 词：海昏汉简 《易占》 数术 经学 卦气说 

分 类 号：B992.2[哲学宗教—宗教学] K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K234[历史地理—历史学]