集中式饮用水源地水环境质量变化及健康风险评估——以湘潭市某水厂为例  

Water environmental quality analysis and health risk assessment of centralized drinking water sources——Taking a waterworks in Xiangtan City as an example

作　　者：袁宇 谭璐[3] 舒倩 陈丹丹 杨海君 YUAN Yu;TAN Lu;SHU Qian;CHEN Dandan;YANG Haijun(Xiangtan Water Service Company Limited,Xiangtan 411100,China;College of Resources and Environment,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;College of Plant Protection,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湘潭中环水务有限公司,湖南湘潭411100 [2]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙410128 [3]湖南农业大学植物保护学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《环境保护科学》2022年第3期132-139,共8页Environmental Protection Science

基　　金：湖南省县级以上集中式饮用水水源地周边土壤环境质量调查(湘政函﹝2016﹞176号)。

摘　　要：为探究湘潭市某水厂饮用水源地水环境质量及其变化,选取该水厂取水口2013年1月~2019年12月水质月监测数据,对该水厂取水口水体中铬(Cr^(6+))、砷(As)、镉(Cd)、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、铅(Pb)、汞(Hg)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、氟化物(F)、挥发酚、氰化物(CN)、氨氮(NH_(3)-N)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、硝酸盐(NO_(3)^(-))、硒(Se)和石油类18种指标进行评价。结果表明:该水厂水环境质量受粪大肠菌群、挥发酚、TP和Hg污染,其月均值分别超Ⅱ类水标准为100.00%、82.14%、44.05%和27.38%;粪大肠菌群、重金属、无机污染物、氧平衡和有机污染物的年分担率依次为32.93%、17.97%、16.92%、16.75%和15.43%;水环境随时间变化方面,粪大肠菌群、Hg、挥发酚、NH_(3)-N和TP在各水期均出现超过Ⅱ类水标准现象,综合污染指数表明,2013~2019年处于重污染及严重污染的比例分别为8.33%、16.67%、25.00%、0、0、8.33%和41.67%,集中在4~7月;健康风险方面,2013~2019年该水厂水环境要受化学致癌物影响,以Cr^(6+)和As为主。In order to explore the water environment quality and its change of centralized drinking water sources of a waterworks in Xiangtan City,based on the monthly water quality monitoring data from January 2013 to December 2019,the 18 indexes of Cr^(6+),As,Cd,chloroform,carbon tetrachloride,Pb,Hg,Cu,Zn,F,volatile phenol,CN,NH_(3)-N,Fe,Mn,(NO_(3)^(-)),Se and petroleum were evaluated.Results showed that this waterworks was mainly polluted by volatile phenols,fecal coliform bacteria,Hg and TP.Their monthly average values exceed the water standard of ClassⅡwith a rate of 100.00%,82.14%,44.05%,27.38%respectively.The annual sharing rate of fecal coliform bacteria,heavy metals,inorganic pollutants,oxygen balance,and organic pollutants were 32.93%,17.97%,16.92%,16.75%,and 15.43%,respectively.As for the changes of the water environment over time,fecal coliform bacteria,Hg,volatile phenols,NH_(3)-N,and TP exceeded the water standards of ClassⅡin each water period.The comprehensive pollution index showed that the proportions of heavy pollution and serious pollution from 2013 to 2019 were 8.33%,16.67%,25.00%,0%,0%,8.33%,41.67%,respectively,especially in the period from April to July.The health risk assessment indicated that the water environment was mainly affected by chemical carcinogens,especially Cr^(6+)and As.

关 键 词：集中式饮用水源地 水环境 致癌物质 风险评估 湘潭市 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]