手枪速射不同站位上肢运动学与肌电差异——基于我国优秀运动员的个案研究  

Differences of Upper Limb Kinematics and EMG between Different Standing Positions of Rapid-FirePistol Shooting——A Case Study of Chinese Elite Athletes

作　　者：贾克涛 武文强 金波 毛松华[2] 崔雨 耿正洋 JIA Ketao;WU Wenqiang;JIN Bo;MAO Songhua;CUI Yu;GENG Zhengyang(China Athletics College,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Shooting and Archery Management Center,General Administration of Sport of China,Beijing 100144,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学中国田径运动学院,100084北京 [2]国家体育总局射击射箭运动管理中心,100144北京

出　　处：《河北体育学院学报》2022年第4期70-77,共8页Journal of Hebei Sport University

基　　金：国家体育总局射击射箭运动管理中心训练与监控服务项目“国家队运动员技术动作分析与监控服务”(HT2020-20)。

摘　　要：目的:探究我国优秀手枪速射运动员不同站位转体横向运枪过程中上肢运动学与肌电差异。方法:采用Qualisys红外光点捕捉系统和Delsys无线肌电测试系统,对运动员不同站位时间节奏、上肢关节角度、肌肉做功等进行分析。结果:①运动员资格赛站位弹着密度(129.54 mm)小于决赛站位(137.15 mm和214.65 mm);②运动员决赛站位第1靶击发时间(均为1.50 s)短于资格赛站位(1.57 s),各分段时间节奏对成绩影响不明显;③各站位上肢转动均由肩关节主导,躯干转动起统筹作用,资格赛站位躯干转动(3.14°)大于决赛站位(3.02°和3.00°),上肢转动到位准确率更高,枪口指向和腕关节变化更小;④运动员决赛站位三角肌做功与资格赛站位差异显著(P<0.05),各肌群协调用力一致性较差,决赛2号位肌肉做功贡献率变化较大,肌肉做功稳定性相对较差。结论:运动员资格赛站位射击成绩稳定性好,决赛站位还需加强各分段时间节奏的一致性,增加躯干转动幅度,提高肌肉用力的稳定性。Objectives:To explore the differences of upper limb kinematics and electromyography(EMG)of Chinese elite rapid-fire pistol shooting athletes in the process of turning the body and moving the gun horizontally in different positions.Methods:Qualisys infrared light spot capture system and Delsys wireless EMG test system are used to analyze the time rhythm,upper limb joint angle and muscle work of Chinese elite rapid-fire pistol shooting athletes in different positions.Results:①The standing position of impact density of athletes in qualification competition(129.54 mm)is less than that in the final competition(137.15 mm and 214.65 mm).②The firing time of the first target in the final competition(all 1.50 s)is shorter than that in the qualification competition(1.57 s),and the time rhythm of each segment has no obvious effect on the performance;③The rotation of the upper limbs in each standing position is dominated by the shoulder joint,and the rotation of the trunk plays an overall role.The rotation of the trunk in the qualification competition(3.14°)is greater than that in the final competition(3.02°and 3.00°).The accuracy of the rotation of the upper limbs in place is higher,and the changes of muzzle pointing and wrist joint are smaller.④There is significant difference in the deltoid muscle work of athletes between the final competition and the qualification competition(P<0.05).The consistency of coordination force of each muscle group is poor.The contribution rate of muscle work in position 2 of the final competition has changed greatly,and the stability of muscle work was relatively poor.Conclusion:The stability of shooting performance in the standing position of athletes in qualification competition is good.In the final standing position,it is necessary to strengthen the consistency of time rhythm in each segment,increase the range of trunk rotation and improve the stability of muscle force.

关 键 词：手枪速射 运动学 站位 肌电 射击 

分 类 号：G871.1[文化科学—体育训练]