长江中下游麦区不同小麦品种镉积累差异研究  

Differences in cadmium accumulation among different wheat varieties in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,China

作　　者：易超 史高玲 陈恒强 姚澄 潘云俊 石月红 李标 高岩[2] YI Chao;SHI Gaoling;CHEN Hengqiang;YAO Cheng;PAN Yunjun;SHI Yuehong;LI Biao;GAO Yan(School of the Environment and Safety Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Liuhe Observation and Experimental Station of National Agro-Environment,Nanjing 210014,China;Changshu Cultivated Land Quality Protection Station,Changshu 215500,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学环境与安全工程学院,江苏镇江212013 [2]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室/国家农业环境六合观测实验站,南京210014 [3]常熟市耕地质量保护站,江苏常熟215500

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2022年第6期1164-1174,共11页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(20)1010);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2021717)。

摘　　要：为探究长江中下游麦区不同小麦品种对镉的积累差异,本研究于无污染农田中对长江中下游麦区107个小麦品种的镉积累能力进行了比较,并基于大田试验结果,从中选取了42个小麦品种,利用盆栽试验将其种植于轻度镉污染土壤中,进一步对小麦不同部位镉含量、农艺性状等指标进行了比较分析。结果表明:无污染条件下107个小麦品种籽粒镉含量分布在0.040~0.082 mg·kg^(-1)范围内,均低于我国规定的限量值(0.1 mg·kg^(-1))。盆栽试验结果显示,42个小麦品种籽粒、秸秆镉含量范围分别为0.261~0.524 mg·kg^(-1)和0.562~1.095 mg·kg^(-1),小麦籽粒镉含量与秸秆镉含量及秸秆向籽粒的镉转运系数呈显著正相关(P<0.001)。小麦籽粒镉含量与小麦产量、株高、千粒质量等农艺性状无显著相关性,且聚类分析结果显示存在宁麦11这一低镉高产品种,表明通过常规育种方式筛选出低镉高产小麦品种是可行的。盆栽试验的42个小麦品种籽粒镉含量与大田试验中对应品种的籽粒镉含量呈显著正相关(P<0.001),表明在非污染和轻度镉污染条件下,小麦自身遗传特性是影响品种间镉积累差异的主要因素。因此,可在小麦品种审定过程中,测定参加生产试验的小麦籽粒镉含量,初步评估不同小麦对镉的积累能力。In order to explore the differences in Cd accumulation among different wheat varieties in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,a field experiment was conducted to compare the Cd accumulation capacity of 107 wheat varieties in a non-polluted farmland.Based on the field experiment results,42 wheat varieties were selected and planted in pots with soil slightly contaminated with Cd.The differences in wheat agronomic traits and Cd accumulation and translocation among these cultivars were investigated in the pot experiment.Results of the field experiment showed that grain Cd concentrations of 107 wheat varieties ranged from 0.040 mg·kg^(-1) to 0.082 mg·kg^(-1),which were all lower than the maximum permissible concentration in China(0.1 mg·kg^(-1)).In the pot experiment,the Cd concentrations in grain and straw of 42 wheat varieties varied from 0.261 mg·kg^(-1) to 0.524 mg·kg^(-1) and 0.562 mg·kg^(-1) to 1.095 mg·kg^(-1),respectively.Grain Cd concentration was positively correlated(P<0.001)with straw Cd concentration and straw-to-grain Cd translocation,while no significant correlation was observed between grain Cd concentration and wheat agronomic traits such as wheat yield,plant height,and thousand kernel weight.Cluster analysis results demonstrated that Ningmai 11,a low Cd-accumulating and high-yielding variety,existed among the tested wheat varieties,indicating that it was feasible to screen wheat varieties with low Cd accumulation and high-yield by conventional breeding.Across all the 42 wheat varieties,correlation of grain Cd concentration between the pot experiment and field experiment was positive and highly significant(P<0.001).This result suggests that the genetic characteristics of wheat varieties are the main factors affecting the accumulation of Cd in wheat under non-polluted and slightly Cd polluted conditions.Therefore,it is possible to evaluate the Cd accumulation ability of different wheat cultivars by measuring grain Cd concentration at the stage of wheat production experiments,which

关 键 词：小麦 镉 品种差异 农艺性状 低积累 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]