多源遥感地质灾害早期识别技术进展与发展趋势  

Technical progress and development trend of geological hazards early identification with multi-source remote sensing

作　　者：张勤[1,2] 赵超英[1,2] 陈雪蓉 ZHANG Qin;ZHAO Chaoying;CHEN Xuerong(School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang an University, Xi an 710054,China;Key Laboratory of Western China s Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Xi an 710054, China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,陕西西安710054 [2]西部矿产资源与地质工程教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《测绘学报》2022年第6期885-896,共12页Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41731066,41929001,41874005)。

摘　　要：随着全球气候变化、矿产资源开采和大型人类工程活动的不断加剧,冰崩、塌陷、滑坡、地面沉降和地裂缝等多类型地质灾害呈现高频性和链生性的趋势,灾害后果更加严重。大范围高效率地质灾害的早期识别是防灾减灾的重要前提,也是工程安全的技术保障。本文首先介绍了多类型地质灾害的特点和常规识别方法;然后,重点介绍了光学遥感、微波遥感、机载LiDAR及多源遥感数据融合技术在不同类型地质灾害识别中的技术特点和典型应用,并对当前地质灾害早期识别存在问题和下一步发展趋势进行了总结与展望。With the intensification of global climate change mineral resource exploitation and human engineering activities,the geological disasters including ice collapse,collapse,landslide,land subsidence and ground fissure are triggered with the trend of high frequency and in chain mode,which result in serious consequence.The early identification of geological disasters in large area and with high efficiency is the prerequisite for the hazard mitigation and prevention and the technical support of the engineering safety.In this paper,the characteristics of diverse geological disasters and traditional methods of their identification are introduced firstly.Then we focus on optical remote sensing,synthetic aperture radar,LiDAR and the fusion of multi-source remote sensing,where the technical flow and typical applications are given.Lastly,the current difficulties and the future trends are summarized and forwarded.

关 键 词：地质灾害 早期识别 光学遥感 合成孔径雷达 LIDAR 深度学习 

分 类 号：P228[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]