HIV感染者/艾滋病及合并隐球菌脑膜炎患者的营养知识、行为及营养状况的比较分析  

Comparative analysis of nutritional knowledge,behavior and nutritional status of HIV infected/AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis

作　　者：范瑜燕 刘旭东 罗嘉璐 张玮[1] 宋炜[2] Fan Yuyan;Liu Xudong;Luo Jialu(Department ofNutrition,Shanghai Municipal Clinical Center for Public Health,Shanghai 201102,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市公共卫生临床中心营养科,201508 [2]上海市公共卫生临床中心感染与免疫科,201508

出　　处：《中华保健医学杂志》2022年第2期146-149,共4页Chinese Journal of Health Care and Medicine

基　　金：上海市公共卫生临床中心院级科研课题(KY-GW-2019-30)。

摘　　要：目的调查HIV感染者/艾滋病及合并隐球菌脑膜炎患者的营养知识、饮食行为及营养状况,为其营养健康提供指导。方法选取上海市公共卫生临床中心2019年1月~2020年1月期间收治的人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者、艾滋病(AIDS)患者及AIDS合并隐球菌脑膜炎患者共164例,其中HIV感染者66例(HIV感染组);AIDS患者48例(AIDS组),AIDS合并隐球菌脑膜炎患者50例(脑膜炎组);另选取同期于本院接受HIV感染检测的健康志愿者40例作为健康健康对照组。采用问卷调查形式了解4组的营养知识、饮食行为,并采用微型营养评价精法(MNA-SF)评价4组营养状况。结果HIV感染组、AIDS组和脑膜炎组的营养知识得分处于中等水平,3组与健康对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组对于蛋白质、维生素、锌、硒元素等营养素的了解情况均差于健康对照组,比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组每日3餐者及按时吃饭者均在80.00%以上,每日只吃2餐者和存在吃剩饭菜者均在10.00%左右,HIV感染组存在吸烟和饮酒行为的占比分别为21.21%和27.27%;AIDS组存在吸烟和饮酒行为的占比分别为22.92%和27.08%,脑膜炎组存在吸烟和饮酒行为的占比分别为24.00%和24.00%,3组饮食行为与健康对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HIV感染组的营养不良率为40.91%,AIDS组的营养不良率为43.75%,脑膜炎组的营养不良率为50.00%,均显著高于健康对照组的营养不良率(12.50%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高中以上HIV感染者/艾滋病及AIDS合并隐球菌脑膜炎患者的营养正常率及饮食行为良好率均显著高于高中及以下患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论HIV感染者、AIDS患者及AIDS合并隐球菌脑膜炎患者的营养知识、饮食行为与健康对照组比较均较差,这可能是影响营养状况的重要因素,艾滋病防治工作中应加强对营养知识的普及和营养指导工作,更加重视文�Objective To investigate the nutritional knowledge,dietary behavior and nutritional status of HIV-infected and AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis,and to provide guidance for their nutritional health.Methods A total of 164 patients with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection,AIDS patients and AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis admitted to Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from January 2019 to January 2020 were selected.Among them,66 HIV-infected patients were selected as the HIV infection group,48 patients with AIDS were included in the AIDS group,and 50 patients with AIDS combined with cryptococcal meningitis were included in the meningitis group.Another 40 healthy volunteers who received HIV infection detection in our hospital during the same period were selected as control group.The nutritional knowledge and dietary behavior of the four groups were investigated by questionnaire,and the nutritional status of the four groups were evaluated by micronutrient evaluation(MNA-SF).Results The nutritional knowledge scores of HIV infection group,AIDS group and meningitis group were in the middle level,and there were statistically significant differences between the three groups and the control group(P<0.05).The understanding of protein,vitamin,zinc,selenium and other nutrients in the three groups was worse than that in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).In the three groups,those who ate three meals a day and those who ate regular meals were more than 80.00%,those who ate only two meals a day and those who had leftovers were about 10.00%.In the HIV infected group,the proportion of smoking and drinking behavior was 21.21%and 27.27%,respectively.The proportions of smoking and drinking in AIDS group were 22.92%and 27.08%,respectively,and those in meningitis group were 24.00%and 24.00%,respectively24.00%,there were statistically significant differences in dietary behavior between the three groups and the control group(P<0.05).The malnutrition rate of HIV infec

关 键 词：人类免疫缺陷病毒感染 艾滋病合并隐球菌脑膜炎 营养知识 饮食行为 营养状况 

分 类 号：R512[医药卫生—内科学]