变工况下裂纹故障直齿轮副振动特性分析  

Vibration characteristics analysis of spur gear pair with crack fault under variable working conditions

作　　者：代鹏 王建平[1] 鲁珏 闫淑萍 钱志高 王风涛 DAI Peng;WANG Jianping;LU Jue;YAN Shuping;QIAN Zhigao;WANG Fengtao(School of Mechanical Engineering,Anhui Polytechnic University,Wuhu 241000,China;School of Biological and Food Engineering,Anhui Polytechnic University,Wuhu 241000,China;China North Engine Research Institute,Tianjin 300000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽工程大学机械工程学院,安徽芜湖241000 [2]安徽工程大学生物与食品工程学院,安徽芜湖241000 [3]中国北方发动机研究所,天津300000

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2022年第11期225-234,共10页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51905001);芜湖市科技计划项目(2020yf53)。

摘　　要：针对齿根裂纹齿轮副的故障检测,常利用采集齿轮箱振动信号进行分析评估齿轮副的健康状态,但在对故障齿轮副进行振动故障检测过程中,因为齿轮副的转速误差以及负载转矩波动及其他非稳定工况,使得齿轮副运行并不处于理想状态,此对齿轮副振动信号影响较大,使之难以分辨齿轮副振动的特征频率。为此根据势能法建立齿轮副齿根裂纹模型,推导齿轮副发生局部故障后其时变啮合刚度计算解析式,对变工况下齿轮副振动非平稳信号进行短时傅里叶变换,分析在变工况情形下齿轮副的振动特性。研究结果表明:在稳定工况下,齿轮副的振动幅值随转速和负载转矩增加而增加,其边频带分布也随之呈现出一定规律。在非稳定工况下,利用短时傅里叶变换后,发现齿轮箱振动时域和振动频域都出现明显的振动冲击,频域中相邻冲击峰的间隔反映齿轮副的转速误差,其主要频率的分布和幅值也可反映齿轮副运行过程中的转速和转矩负载的波动。同时,在非稳定工况下所得到的结论与齿轮副在稳定工况下运行所得到的结论相一致,皆为齿轮副的振动幅值随转速和负载转矩增大而增大。For fault detection of gear pair with tooth root crack,it is often used to collect vibration signal of gearbox for analysis and evaluation of health state of gear pair.However,in process of vibration fault detection of fault gear pair,the gear pair doesn't operate in an ideal state due to rotating speed error of gear pair,load torque fluctuation and other unstable working conditions.This more largely affects vibration signal of gear pair to make it difficult to distinguish characteristic frequency of gear pair vibration.Here,the tooth root crack model of gear pair was established according to the potential energy method,the analytical formula for calculating the time-varying meshing stiffness of gear pair after local failure was deduced,the short-time Fourier transform was performed for vibration non-stationary signal of gear pair under variable working conditions to analyze vibration characteristics of gear pair under variable working conditions.The results showed that under stable working conditions,vibration amplitude of gear pair increases with increase in rotating speed and load torque,and its sideband distribution also presents a certain law;under unstable working conditions,after using the short-time Fourier transform,there are obvious shocks in time domain and frequency domain of gearbox vibration signal;the interval between adjacent shock peaks in frequency domain reflects the rotating speed error of gear pair,and the distribution and amplitude of its main frequencies can also reflect fluctuation of rotating speed and torque load during gear pair operating;at the same time,a conclusion obtained under unstable working conditions is consistent with that obtained under stable working conditions,i.e.,vibration amplitude of gear pair increases with increase in rotating speed and load torque.

关 键 词：直齿轮副 裂纹故障 变工况 短时傅里叶变换(STFT) 振动分析 

分 类 号：TH132.413[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]