基于实际运行工况的电动商用车能耗仿真与参数优化  

Energy Consumption Simulation and Parameter Optimization of Electric Commercial Vehicles Based on Real-world Driving Cycle

作　　者：郑宜嘉 孙健[3] 年光跃 ZHENG Yi-jia;SUN Jian;NIAN Guang-yue(Research Department of Infrastructure,Zhejiang Development and Planning Institute,Hangzhou 310012,Zhejiang,China;Smart City and Intelligent Transportation Interdisciplinary Center,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;College of Future Transportation,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710018,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省发展规划研究院基础设施研究所,浙江杭州310012 [2]上海交通大学智慧城市智能交通跨学科中心,上海200240 [3]长安大学未来交通学院,陕西西安710018

出　　处：《中国公路学报》2022年第5期243-253,共11页China Journal of Highway and Transport

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71971138,52172319)。

摘　　要：在商用车电气化趋势下,如何准确研究车辆参数对能耗的影响,制定优化方案以降低能耗、提升续航里程成为影响电动商用车未来发展的重要问题。为此,应用短行程法构建目标车型的实际运行工况,采用ADVISOR车辆仿真器,以整车质量、滚阻系数、附件功率等5项车辆参数为变量,以设计优化区间为参数调整范围,开展实际运行工况下的能耗仿真,获得实际运行工况场景下各车辆参数与百公里耗电量的数量关系;在此基础上,通过分析各参数优化百分比与百公里耗电节省量的关系,构建体现各项参数能耗敏感性的节电系数;基于敏感性分析结果,对预计优化效益较高的参数进行优化,并对各优化方案进行成本-收益分析。研究结果表明:相较于“新欧洲驾驶循环”(NewEuropean Driving Cycle,NEDC)工况,实际运行工况下的能耗仿真结果与实际能耗相对误差降低超过10%;按能耗敏感性由高到低对各车辆参数排序,依次为整车质量、传动效率、滚阻系数、风阻系数、附件功率;各参数优化方案中,采用铝制白车身、配备低滚阻轮胎和热泵空调具有正面静态收益;利用实际运行工况进行能耗仿真可得到更符合目标车型实际能耗的仿真结果,以该仿真结果为基础的能耗敏感性分析和参数优化具有良好的实际指导意义。With the increasing trend of commercial vehicle electrification,studying the impact of vehicle parameter optimization on energy consumption and formulating a parameter optimization scheme to reduce energy consumption and improve driving range have become important for the future development of electric vehicles.In this study,a real-world driving cycle was developed using the micro-trip method.Then,within the design optimization range,a vehicle energy consumption simulation under the real-world driving cycle was carried out in ADVISOR with five vehicle parameters(e.g.,vehicle mass,rolling resistance coefficient,and accessory power)as variables.Based on the simulation output,the numerical relationships between parameters and energy consumption per 100 km were analyzed under real-world driving cycle.The relationship between the optimization percentage of each parameter and the energy saving per 100 km was analyzed,and the electricity-saving coefficient was established to reflect the energy consumption sensitivity of each parameter.Based on the results of the sensitivity analysis,parameter optimization schemes were developed for vehicle parameters with high expected benefits,and their corresponding cost-benefit analyses were conducted.The results indicate that compared with the New European Driving Cycle(NEDC),the relative error between the energy consumption simulation under the real-world driving cycle and the actual energy consumption is reduced by more than 10%.The vehicle parameters could be sorted in following order(from high to low)according to energy consumption sensitivity:vehicle mass,transmission efficiency,rolling resistance coefficient,aerodynamic drag coefficient,and accessory power.Among the parameter optimization schemes,using aluminum body-in-white material,equipping low rolling resistance tires,and using heat pump air conditioners have positive static benefits.The results indicate that the energy consumption simulation under the real-world driving cycle replicated the actual energy consumption of th

关 键 词：汽车工程 电动商用车 能耗仿真 能耗敏感性 行驶工况 成本-收益分析 

分 类 号：U461.8[机械工程—车辆工程]