种子为先: 新中国成立以来我国小麦远缘杂交技术发展历程探析  

Seed First: A Study on the Development of Wheat DistantHybridization Technology in China since the Founding of PRC

作　　者：周志强 于帅[1] 王思明[1] ZHOU Zhiqiang;YU Shuai;WANG Siming(Institution of Chinese Agricultural Civilization,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学中华农业文明研究院,南京210095

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2022年第1期46-54,共9页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：中国科学院自然科学史研究所重大突破项目“中华人民共和国科技史纲”(项目编号:Y521011);国家社科基金重点项目“丝绸之路与中外农业交流”(项目编号:16AZS005)。

摘　　要：小麦是目前中国北方产量最大的粮食作物,在民众的日常饮食中占有重要地位。新中国成立以来,我国的小麦单产与品质获得长足发展,其中尤其离不开以远缘杂交为代表的小麦育种技术的进步。经过数十年的发展,从早期对远缘杂交育种方法、亲本选择的初步认识,到1970年代李振声院士成功培育的“小偃6号”,再到之后的“小偃54号”“小偃81号”,通过远缘杂交技术已培育了数百种高产抗病优质的小麦品种,保证了小麦的产量、品质和效益。种子是农业的芯片,以小麦远缘杂交技术为代表的小麦育种技术发展,在我国小麦产业持续稳定的发展中作出了重要贡献。在我国种源被卡脖子的今天,远缘杂交仍将是未来小麦育种技术攻关的重点。Wheat is the largest grain crop in northern China,and plays an important role in people’s daily diet.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,wheat yield and quality have made great progress.In particular,the development and progress of wheat breeding technology represented by distant hybridization has proved indispensable.After decades of development,from the early knowledge of the distant hybridization breeding method and parent selection,to Xiaoyan No.6 cultivated by Academician Li Zhensheng in the 1970s,and then to Xiaoyan No.54 and No.81,hundreds of varieties of wheat with high yield,disease resistance and high quality have been cultivated through distant the hybridization technology,ensuring the yield,quality and benefit of wheat.Seed is the chip of agriculture.The development of wheat breeding technology represented by distant hybridization technology has made an important contribution to the sustainable and stable development of the wheat industry in China.In face of the seed containment on China,distant hybridization will still be the focus of wheat breeding technology in China.

关 键 词：李振声 小麦远缘杂交 小麦育种历程 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] S512.1[农业科学—作物学]