“的”在小句中的时态表达及其限制条件研究  

Studies on the Tense Function of DE and Its Restrictive Conditions

作　　者：李杰 王湘云[1] Li Jie;Wang Xiangyun(School of Translation Studies,Shandong University,Weihai 264209,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学翻译学院,264209

出　　处：《北京第二外国语学院学报》2022年第3期70-84,共15页Journal of Beijing International Studies University

基　　金：2019年国家哲学社会科学基金项目“基于东亚语言词汇语音结构演变的语言学理论创新研究”(项目编号:19BYY001);2019年教育部人文社会科学研究基金项目“构式语法视角下的汉语元语言否定研究”(项目编号:19YJC740046);2019年山东省社会科学规划研究项目“汉语虚拟位移构式识解压制研究”(项目编号:19CYYJ12)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“的”字的句法语义研究历来是语法学界的热点问题。现有研究多聚焦于短语层面“的”字功能的探讨,本文将探讨“的”在小句中的时态功能及其限制条件。句法测试显示,“的”既可理解为词汇短语的内部成分,亦可作小句的内部成分进行识解。“的”在小句内起表达过去的时态功能,可用“的_(S)”标识。“的_(S)”的时态功能受到句法、语义和韵律的限制:“的_(S)”必须在小句层面起作用,“的_(S)”前的动词必须表达有终事件,并且“的_(S)”与主动词之间不能有完整音步的阻隔。The syntactic and semantic research of DE has always been an area of great interest in grammatical study.While traditional research has tended to focus on the function of DE at the phrase level,this article discusses the tense function of DE in clauses and its restrictive conditions.Syntactic tests show that DE serves as a constituent both in phrases and in clauses.In clauses,DE can be labeled as DE_(s),which functions as a tense marker indicating a past event.The tense function of DE is realized under a series of conditions.Syntactically,DE_(s) must be a constituent of a clause;semantically,the verb preceding DE_(s) must express a telic event;and metrically,no acatalectic foot is allowed between the main verb and DE_(s).

关 键 词：的 时态 句法限制 语义限制 韵律限制 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]