橡胶树种质资源对白粉病和炭疽病的田间抗病性评价  

Evaluation of Field Resistance of Rubber Tree Germplasms to Powdery Mildew and Anthracnose

作　　者：李裴春 李增平[1] 梁晓宇 马展 林春花[1] 贺军军[2] 李文秀 张华林[2] 张宇[1] 罗萍[2] LI Peichun;LI Zengping;LIANG Xiaoyu;MA Zhan;LIN Chunhua;HE Junjun;LI Wenxiu;ZHANG Hualin;ZHANG Yu;LUO Ping(School of Plant Protection,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China;Zhanjiang Experiment Station,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524091,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学植物保护学院,海南海口570228 [2]中国热带农业科学院湛江实验站,广东湛江524091

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2022年第6期1200-1213,共14页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金创新研究团队项目(No.322CXTD506);国家自然科学基金项目(No.32160370);国家天然橡胶产业技术体系病害岗位专家项目(No.CARS-33-BC1)。

摘　　要：白粉病和炭疽病是我国橡胶树的主要病害,严重影响胶乳产量,给天然橡胶产业带来了很大的经济损失。挖掘培育抗病性种质资源是最经济、有效的防治措施。本研究通过分析2018、2019、2021年白粉病和炭疽病田间自然发病数据,评价192份橡胶树种质的抗病性,旨在为橡胶树抗病育种提供数据支撑。结果表明,白粉病2019年发病严重,种质群体的病情指数平均值达34.37,最大值为94.07;2018年和2021年则发病较轻,病情指数平均值分别为10.68和9.70。炭疽病2021年发病严重,种质群体的病情指数平均值达29.12,最大值为65.31;2018年和2019年则发病较轻,病情指数平均值分别为18.64和18.15。利用重病年数据鉴定出白粉病高抗品种24个、中抗品种9个,炭疽病抗性品种35个。这33份和35份抗性种质在3a内对白粉病和炭疽病均达到抗性水平,分别占供试种质的22%和19%。利用隶属函数和聚类分析对这些候选抗病种质进行抗性水平排序,对白粉病抗性排名前10的种质隶属函数平均值为0.86~1.00,标准偏差值为0.003~0.073。在白粉病抗性聚类树遗传距离2.5处,排序第1的‘湛试5025’单独聚为一类,排序前2~6位的种质聚为一类,与其他类区分明显;对炭疽病抗性排名前10的种质隶属函数平均值为0.83~0.90,标准偏差值为0.020~0.102。在炭疽病抗性聚类树遗传距离2.5处,排序前5的种质单独聚集为一类,与其他类区分明显。初步筛选出抗白粉病优异的种质‘湛试5025’‘湛试12-3’‘湛试5005’‘天任31-45’‘湛试5026’,筛选出抗炭疽病优异的种质‘湛试477-6’‘湛试366-2’‘湛试485-114’‘湛试41-3’‘RO42’。本研究建立的抗性鉴定、隶属函数和聚类分析相结合的分析方法为橡胶树种质抗病性综合评价提供了重要的技术参考。Powdery mildew and anthracnose are the main diseases of rubber trees in China,which seriously affect the yield of latex and cause great economic losses to natural rubber industry.It is the most economical and effective measures to cultivate resistant germplasm resources.According to the field statistics of natural incidence of powdery mildew and anthracnose in 2018,2019 and 2021,the disease resistance of 192 germplasms of rubber trees was identified,providing supportive data for resistance breeding of rubber trees.The results showed that powdery mildew was severe in 2019,with a mean disease index of 34.37 and a maximum disease index of 94.07 for the germplasm population,while it was less severe in 2018 and 2021,with mean disease indices of 10.68 and 9.70,respectively.Anthracnose was severe in 2021,with a mean disease index of 29.12 and a maximum disease index of 65.31 for the germplasm population,while it was less severe in 2018 and 2019,with mean disease indices of 18.64 and 18.15,respectively.The data of severe disease years were used to identify 24 highly-resistant varieties and 9 moderately-resistant varieties against powdery mildew and 35 resistant varieties against anthracnose.The germplasms reached resistance levels to powdery mildew and anthracnose in the three years,accounting for 22%and 19%of the germplasms tested.Membership function analysis and cluster analysis were used to rank the resistance levels of the candidate germplasms.The mean value of the membership function of the top 10 germplasms ranked for powdery mildew resistance ranged from 0.86 to 1.00,with standard deviation values ranging from 0.003 to 0.073.At the genetic distance 2.5 of the powdery mildew resistant clustering tree,‘Zhanshi 5025’in the first rank was clustered into a separate class.The germplasms from the second to sixth rank were clustered into a class,which was significantly distinguished from other classes.The mean value of the membership function of the top 10 germplasms ranked for anthracnose resistance ranged from 0.83

关 键 词：橡胶树 种质资源 白粉病 炭疽病 抗性评价 

分 类 号：S794.01[农业科学—林木遗传育种]