高度近视血管旁玻璃体视网膜界面形态的研究进展  

Progress on the morphology of paravascular vitreoretinal interface abnormality in high myopia

作　　者：沈迎娇 陶继伟 沈丽君 Shen Yingjiao;Tao Jiwei;Shen Lijun(Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry,Wenzhou Medical University,Wenzhou 325027,China;Department of Ophthalmology,Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital,Hangzhou 310000,China)

机构地区：[1]温州医科大学附属眼视光医院,温州325027 [2]浙江省人民医院眼科,杭州310000

出　　处：《中华眼底病杂志》2022年第6期518-521,共4页Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

基　　金：浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目(2020KY651)。

摘　　要：高度近视(HM)是导致视力丧失的主要原因之一。近年来,光相干断层扫描等检查显示了HM患眼的多种玻璃体视网膜界面异常(VRIA),其中较为常见的表现类型主要是玻璃体后脱离和血管旁异常。在HM患眼中,玻璃体后脱离有多种不同的分类方式,且发生年龄相对更早。血管旁异常主要包括血管旁微皱褶、血管旁囊肿、血管旁板层裂孔和血管旁视网膜劈裂,前两者为早期病变,后两者为晚期病变。VRIA与HM眼底并发症密切相关,如近视性黄斑视网膜劈裂、黄斑裂孔、视网膜脱离等。VRIA可能发展为近视性黄斑视网膜劈裂,进而形成全层黄斑裂孔,甚至导致视网膜脱离。因此,HM患眼VRIA的检查和判断对于早期预防和治疗临床眼底疾病具有重要意义。High myopia(HM)is one of the main causes of vision loss.In recent years,optical coherence tomography and other techniques have shown a variety of vitreoretinal interface abnormalities(VRIA)in highly myopic eyes.Posterior vitreous detachment and paravascular abnormality are the relatively common manifestations of VRIA.Posterior vitreous detachment is classified in several different ways in HM eyes,the onset age of which is earlier in HM.Paravascular abnormality mainly includes paravascular microfold,paravascular cyst,paravascular lamellar hole,and paravascular retinoschisis.The former two are early-stage lesions,the latter two are advanced lesions.VRIA is closely related to many HM's fundus complications,such as myopic retinoschisis,macular hole,retinal detachment and so on.VRIA may develop into myopic retinoschisis,which in turn develop into full-thickness macular hole,and even retinal detachment.Therefore,the examination and judgment of VRIA in HM patients are of great significance for the early prevention and treatment of clinical retina diseases.

关 键 词：近视 退行性 玻璃体脱离 视网膜穿孔 视网膜劈裂症 视网膜脱离 综述 

分 类 号：R778.11[医药卫生—眼科]