中国延长义务教育年限的财政可行性分析  

An Analysis on the Fiscal Feasibility of Extending the Years of Compulsory Education in China

作　　者：王美艳[1] 屈小博[1] 贾朋[1] Wang Meiyan;Qu Xiaobo;Jia Peng

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所

出　　处：《宏观经济研究》2022年第5期111-120,共10页Macroeconomics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金专项项目“中国人口转变的独特性、经济影响及政策研究”(72141310)的资助;。

摘　　要：自1986年《中华人民共和国义务教育法》颁布实施以来,中国实现了全面完成普及九年义务教育和扫除青壮年文盲的战略任务,九年义务教育巩固率超过95%。然而,随着产业结构的转型和升级,对人力资本的需求也逐步提高,仅仅实行九年义务教育远远不够。结合一些地区学前教育和高中教育免费政策的实践以及国际经验,我们建议学前教育可实行分步走策略,即首先将学前一年教育纳入义务教育范围,在条件允许的条件下逐步将学前三年教育全部纳入义务教育;将高中三年教育一次性全部纳入义务教育范围。对延长义务教育年限进行的财政可行性分析表明,即便将学前教育和高中教育一次性全部纳入义务教育范围,财政上也是可承受的。Since the promulgation and enforcement of the Compulsory Education Law of the People’s Republic of China in 1986,China has achieved the strategic task of universalizing nine-year compulsory education and eradicating illiteracy among young adults,and the consolidation rate of nine-year compulsory education has exceeded 95%.However,with the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure,the demand for human capital has gradually increased,and the implementation of nine-year compulsory education alone is far from sufficient.Combining the practice of free preschool and high school education policies in some regions and international experience,we suggest that preschool education can be implemented in a step-by-step strategy,i.e.,firstly,the preschool year will be included in the scope of compulsory education,and gradually,when conditions permit,all three years of preschool education will be included in compulsory education;and all three years of high school education will be included in the scope of compulsory education at one time.An analysis of the fiscal feasibility of extending the years of compulsory education shows that even if preschool and high school education are all included in compulsory education at once,it is still fiscally affordable.

关 键 词：人力资本需求 延长义务教育年限 财政可行性 

分 类 号：G522.3[文化科学—教育学] F812[文化科学—教育技术学]