《周易》“象”“类”关系及其在汉代的影响  

The Relationship between “Xiang” and “Lei” in Zhou yi and Its Influence in the Han Dynasty

作　　者：朱炜 ZHU Wei

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院,湖北武汉430072 [2]湖北汽车工业学院艺术与设计学院,湖北十堰442002

出　　处：《周易研究》2022年第1期39-46,共8页Studies of Zhouyi

基　　金：湖北省普通高校人文社科重点研究基地武当文化研究与传播中心项目(17wdjd007)。

摘　　要：“象”“类”是易学的两个重要概念。从《易传》对《易经》的阐释来看,“象”“类”不是孤立存在的,而是相互交融的。这一方面体现在“观物取象”上,“观物”所取之“象”是一种非对象化的、具有“类”属性的、本质的心象;另一方面体现在“触类明象”上,即以“类象”为基础,通过连类、类推等方式来认识宇宙万物,以此获得明晰性的“(意)象”。“象”“类”相互交融的思维方式即“象类”思维。源于身体—主体的“观”和“感”,经由“象”“类”交融的思维过程,“义(意)”显现自身,“象类”思维凸显出秦汉文化中“观”“感”“类”“象”“义(意)”相关联的思维结构和特征。这种思维方式对汉代文化和思维方式产生了深刻的影响,汉代文献中的“象”“类”并置现象就是其具体的体现。与此同时,“象类”思维对理解中国美学思维强调本质直观以及与“象”相关的概念具有重要的意义。“Xiang(image)” and “lei(classification)” are two important concepts in the scholarship on the Changes. From the interpretation of Yi jing in Yi zhuan(Commentaries on the Changes), the two concepts do not exist in isolation, but blend with each other. On the one hand, it is reflected in “taking xiang by observing things”. The “xiang” taken by “observing things” is a kind of non-objectified image in mind with the attribute of “lei(kind, category)”. On the other hand, it is embodied in “recognizing xiang when contacting lei(different kinds of things)”, which is obtaining clear ideological xiang by understanding things in the universe through methods like analogizing. This mode of thinking connecting “xiang” and “lei” is “xiang-lei” thinking. From “guan(observation)” and “gan(feeling and empathy)” of the body-subject, through the thinking process of connecting “xiang” and “lei”, “yi(meaning)” shows itself. “Xiang-lei” thinking highlights the thinking structure and characteristics of connecting “guan”, “gan”, “lei”, “xiang” and “yi” in the culture of Qin-Han(221 BCE-220 CE) period. This thinking pattern has a profound impact on the culture and the mode of thinking in the Han(206 BCE-220 CE) dynasty. It is embodied mainly in the juxtaposition of “xiang” and “lei” in the literature of the Han dynasty. In the meantime, “xiang-lei” mode of thinking plays an important role in understanding Chinese aesthetic thinking which emphasizes eidetic intuition and the concepts related to “xiang”.

关 键 词：象 类 “象类”思维 《易传》 

分 类 号：B221[哲学宗教—中国哲学]