隆兴和议誓书“叛亡”条款与乾道初年宋金外交博弈  

The Provisions About Defectors in Longxing Treaty and the Diplomatic Game Between Song and Jin in the Early Years of Emperor Qiandao’s Reign

作　　者：胡斌 Hu Bin

机构地区：[1]北京大学政府管理学院博士后流动站,北京100871

出　　处：《史学月刊》2022年第6期20-33,共14页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：北京大学公共治理研究所学术团队建设重点支持项目“政府环境治理研究团队建设”(TDXM202106)。

摘　　要：隆兴和议誓书中“归被俘人,惟叛亡者不与”,是宋金双方关于处置绍兴末年至隆兴时期战时越界军民的协议。而双方对于“被俘人”的不同理解,为日后的外交争端埋下了伏因。乾道三年,金朝依约取索“俘虏”,被宋朝回绝。乾道四至五年间,金朝镇压沿淮地区侍旺叛乱时,指责宋朝收容南渡的侍旺余党违反了和议。迫于压力,宋朝只得在发遣侍旺余党的同时,接受金朝取索“俘虏”的要求。这一外交失利触发了乾道六年南宋祈请陵寝与更正受书仪的外交斗争。乾道初年的宋金外交博弈,是隆兴和议时期矛盾的延续。博弈进程,由两国外交争端以及国内各派力量斗争共同推动。总体来看,两国内部维护和议的力量均占上风。这是隆兴和议得以长期延续、双方愿意根据和议条款判定外交是非曲直的前提。The Longxing Treaty is an agreement signed between Song and Jin on the disposal of transgressing soldiers and civilians during the war(1161—1164).It is stipulated in the treaty that the captives will be repatriated,but not the defectors.This stipulation set the stage for future diplomatic disputes due to the different understandings of captives between Song and Jin.In 1167,the Jurchen’s demand of retrieving the captives was rejected by the Song government.In 1168—1169,the rebellion led by Shi Wang against Jurchen on the borderland of Northern Huai River was put down,and the remnants of the rebels fled southward.The Song government was accused of housing the illegal refugees and violating the Longxing Treaty.Under pressure,there was no choice left for the Song government but to meet Jurchen’s demand,which became the trigger for the diplomatic dispute over Southern Song’s application for retrieving the Northern Mausoleum Area in 1170.The diplomatic game between Song and Jin in the early years of Emperor Qiandao’s reign was the continuation of Song-Jin conflict during the Longxing negotiation.The game in 1167—1169 was fueled by the struggle of internal political factions and the diplomatic dispute of the two countries.Generally speaking,the long-lasting peace after the Longxing Treaty was maintained because the internal peace-keepers of the two countries had the upper hand and they were willing to deal with diplomatic disputes based on the provisions of the Longxing Treaty.

关 键 词：宋金关系 乾道初年 隆兴和议 宋孝宗 侍旺叛亡 

分 类 号：K245.05[历史地理—历史学] K245[历史地理—中国史] K246.4