另类写本:流传的限定性和空间的封闭性——以敦煌吐鲁番出土丧葬文书为中心  

Alternative Writing:The Limitation of Circulation and the Closure of Space——Focusing on funeral documents unearthed in Dunhuang and Turpan

作　　者：吴浩军[1] Wu Hao-jun(Hexi Literature and It's Review Research Center of Hexi University,Zhangye Gansu 734000)

机构地区：[1]河西学院河西文献与文学研究中心,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《河西学院学报》2022年第3期13-19,共7页Journal of Hexi University

基　　金：教育部人文社科项目“黑水城与敦煌出土汉文契约文书比较研究”(项目编号:18XJC770008)。

摘　　要：敦煌吐鲁番地区出土有数量可观的魏晋十六国时期的丧葬文书,包括镇墓文、衣物疏、买地券、冥婚文书、明旌、招魂幡、解除文、冥间过所、砖铭、墓表、棺板题记等。这些丧葬文书具有一般写本所不具备的一些特性:一般写本的制作目的在于学习欣赏,吟诵传播,乃至发抒烦闷等等,相较于刻本文献,具有个体性、流动性和整体性的特点,而敦煌吐鲁番丧葬文书一般由主持其事的方士或僧人书写,虽然具有很大的随意性,但并非为抒发个人性情而作,其文本也有所依傍;尤其是,它们在制作完成后,随着丧仪的结束,即被永久地封存于地下,即不再有传写和流播的可能,因而,与阳间的刻本文献和一般的写本文献相比,它们又具有流传的限定性和空间的封闭性。A considerable number of funeral documents from Wei,Jin and Sixteen Kingdoms were unearthed in Dunhuang and Turpan,including town tomb texts,clothes sparse,land purchase vouchers,ghost marriage documents,Ming Jing,evocation streamers,release texts,ghost homes,brick inscriptions,tomb tables,coffin inscriptions,etc. These funeral documents have some characteristics that are not available in general writing books:the purpose of making general writing books is to learn to appreciate,recite and spread,and even express boredom,etc. Compared with engraved documents,they have the characteristics of individuality,mobility and integrity,while Dunhuang and Turpan funeral documents are generally written by alchemists or monks who preside over their affairs. Although they are very random,they are not made to express their personal temperament,and their texts are also relied on. In particular,after the production is completed,with the end of the funeral ceremony,they are permanently sealed underground,that is,there is no possibility of transmission and dissemination. Therefore,compared with the engraved documents in the sun and the general written documents,they have the limitation of transmission and the closure of space.

关 键 词：写本 敦煌吐鲁番丧葬文书 镇墓文 衣物疏 买地券 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]