评“茶树起源于第三纪宽叶木兰”的观点  

Comment on the View that"Camellia sinensis Originated from Tertiary Magnolia latifolia"

作　　者：杨世雄[1] 余香琴 Yang Shixiong;Yu Xiangqin(CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming,Yunnan 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院昆明植物研究所,东亚植物多样性与生物地理学重点实验室,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《广西林业科学》2022年第3期298-306,共9页Guangxi Forestry Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31270246,31770219,32070369);广西特色经济林培育与利用重点实验室自主课题资助项目(JB-20-01-04)。

摘　　要：该文对《从木兰化石论茶树起源和原产地》一文中茶树(Camellia sinensis)起源于第三纪宽叶木兰(Magnolia latifolia)的观点进行评论和质疑。主要依据如下:第一,包括山茶科(Theaceae)在内的被子植物各类群早在中生代的白垩纪就已经起源,用新生代第三纪的化石来探讨被子植物科与科之间的系统演化关系欠专业;第二,山茶科的化石在白垩纪地层中已出现,远早于宽叶木兰和中华木兰(M.miocenica)生活的年代,后者不太可能是茶树的祖先;第三,山茶科隶属于菊分支(Asterids)杜鹃花目(Ericales),木兰科(Magnoliaceae)为木兰目(Magnoliales)成员,两者间的系统演化关系是相当疏远和复杂的,仅凭叶片的形态特征是下不了结论的;第四,现代茶树与宽叶木兰和中华木兰在叶片的形态结构上并非“有较多的相似之处”,并且,叶片属营养器官,受环境影响较大,其特征的相似性更多反映的是在生态环境上的相似,在系统演化上的意义多局限在科以下比较低级的分类阶元内,不适合用于亲缘关系很远的木兰科和山茶科之间系统关系的探讨。This paper comments and refutes the view that the tea-plant(Camellia sinensis)originated from Magnolia latifolia during the Tertiary period.The main concerns are as follows:firstly,various groups of angiosperms including Theaceae originated as early as the Cretaceous in the Mesozoic,so it is unprofessional to use Cenozoic tertiary fossils to explore phylogenetic relationship between two families of angiosperm.Secondly,fossils of Theaceae have been reported as early as in the Cretaceous strata,which is far earlier than the living age of M.latifolia and M.miocenica,so these two Magnolia species can not be ancestors of tea-plant.Thirdly,Theaceae belongs to Ericales from Asterids,and Magnoliaceae is a member of Magnoliales.Phylogenetic relationship between them is quite distant and complex,and the origin of tea-plant can not be concluded only based on morphological characteristics of leaves.Finally,modern tea-plant do not"have many similarities"with M.latifolia and M.miocenica in leaf morphology and structure.Leaves are vegetative organs,which are greatly affected by environment.Similarity of leaf characteristics more reflects similarity in ecological environment.Significance of leaf characteristics on systematics and evolution is mostly limited to lower classification levels below family.Thus,it is not suitable for the discussion of phylogenetic relationship between Magnoliaceae and Theaceae,which is not very closely related.

关 键 词：茶树 宽叶木兰 第三纪 化石 起源 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]