饲养方式对大通牦牛瘤胃组织结构和瘤胃菌群多样性和组成的影响  

Effects of Feeding Pattern on Rumen Tissue Structure and Rumen Bacterial Community Diversity and Composition of Datong Yaks(Bos grunniens)

作　　者：姚喜喜 王伟[2] 徐成体[2] 张瑞强[1] 陈永珑 牛勇 周双福 YAO Xixi;WANG Wei;XU Chengti;ZHANG Ruiqiang;CHEN Yonglong;NIU Yong;ZHOU Shuangfu(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Qinghai Dongmuwan Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Development Co.,Ltd.,Haidong 811600,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,西宁810016 [2]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,西宁810016 [3]青海东牧湾农牧科技开发有限公司,海东811600

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2022年第6期3777-3787,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：青海东部农区肉牛高效生态养殖模式及可持续发展技术集成与示范项目(2020-NK-C21);青海大学科研启动费资金项目(41510406);放牧家畜消化道寄生虫群落结构分析及高通量诊断技术研究(2018-ZJ-765)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在探讨放牧与舍饲2种饲养方式对大通牦牛瘤胃组织结构及瘤胃菌群多样性和组成的影响,以期为大通牦牛的生长发育和科学化养殖提供理论依据。选取30头体重[(213.50±13.12) kg]相近的2岁大通公牦牛,随机分为放牧组与舍饲组,每组15头牦牛,放牧组牦牛只进行自然放牧,舍饲组牦牛饲喂全混合日粮。试验预试期15 d,正试期190 d。试验结束后屠宰2组牦牛,采用瘤胃组织切片和16S rDNA扩增子高通量测序技术分别进行瘤胃组织结构和瘤胃菌群多样性测定。结果显示:1)舍饲组牦牛瘤胃乳头长度、乳头宽度、上皮厚度极显著高于放牧组牦牛(P<0.01),角质层厚度显著高于放牧组牦牛(P<0.05),肌层厚度极显著低于放牧组牦牛(P<0.01)。2)放牧组牦牛瘤胃菌群Chao1指数、ACE指数和Shannon指数极显著高于舍饲组牦牛(P<0.01),Simpson指数显著低于舍饲组牦牛(P<0.05);主坐标分析(PCA)显示,2种饲养方式之间瘤胃菌群Beta多样性存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。3)在门水平上,2种饲养方式的牦牛瘤胃菌群均以厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)为优势菌群,且舍饲组牦牛瘤胃菌群中Firmicutes和Proteobacteria的相对丰度显著高于放牧组牦牛(P<0.05),Bacteroidetes和Actinobacteria的相对丰度显著或极显著低于放牧组牦牛(P<0.05或P<0.01)。4)在属水平上,2种饲养方式的牦牛瘤胃菌群均以克里斯滕森菌科_R-7群(Christensenellaceae_R-7_group)、瘤胃球菌科_NK4A214群(Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group)、瘤胃球菌属_2(Ruminococcus_2)和理研菌科_RC9肠道群(Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group)为优势菌群,且舍饲组牦牛瘤胃菌群中Christensenellaceae_R-7_group和Ruminococcus_2的相对丰度极显著高于放牧组牦牛(P <0.01), Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group和Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group的相对丰度显著或极显著低于放牧组牦牛(P<0.05或P<0.01)。5)ChriThe purpose of this study was to explore the effects of two different feeding patterns—grazing and barn feeding on the rumen tissue structure and rumen bacterial community diversity and composition of Datong yaks,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the growth,development and scientific breeding of Datong yaks. Thirty 2-year-old Datong male yaks with similar body weight[(213.50±13.12)kg]were randomly divided into grazing group and barn feeding group with 15 yaks in each group. Only yaks in grazing group were naturally grazed,and yaks in barn feeding group were fed with total mixed ration. The pre-test period lasted for15 days and the trial period lasted for 190 days. After the experiment,two groups of yaks were slaughtered,and the rumen tissue structure and rumen bacterial community diversity were determined by rumen tissue section and 16S rDNA amplicon high-throughput sequencing technology,respectively. The results showed as follows:1)the length,width and epithelial thickness of rumen papilla in the barn feeding group were extremely significantly higher than those in the grazing group(P<0.01),and the stratum corneum thickness was significantly higher than that in the grazing group(P<0.05),but the muscle layer thickness was extremely significantly lower than that in the grazing group(P<0.01). 2)The Chao1 index,ACE index and Shannon index in the grazing group were extremely significantly higher than those in the barn feeding group(P<0.01),while the Simpson index was significantly lower than that in the barn feeding group(P<0.05). Principal coordinate analysis(PCA)showed that there was an extreme significant difference in Beta diversity of rumen bacterial community between the two feeding patterns(P<0.01). 3)At phylum level,Firmicutes,Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacterial communities of yaks used the two feeding patterns. The relative abundances of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in rumen bacterial community in the barn feeding group were significantly higher than those

关 键 词：牦牛 饲养方式 瘤胃组织结构 16S rDNA 菌群多样性 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]