岩溶山区石漠化变化与土地利用关系坡度分异规律研究  

The Law of Slope Differentiation in Relation Between Rocky Desertification Change and Land Use in Karst Mountainous Area

作　　者：高南 马士彬 杨昌红 杨雪萃 GAO Nan;MA Shibin;YANG Changhong;YANG Xuecui(School of Tourism and History Culture,Liupanshui Normal University,Liupanshui 553000,China)

机构地区：[1]六盘水师范学院旅游与历史文化学院,贵州六盘水553000

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2022年第11期102-108,共7页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家级大学生创新训练项目(编号:3931)。

摘　　要：在中国西南岩溶地区,由于受自然条件和人类活动的影响,生态脆弱性强,以石漠化为主的生态问题尤为突出。该研究以贵州花江为对象,利用2000年、2018年花江示范区的石漠化数据及2018年土地利用数据进行空间叠加和统计分析,探究了石漠化与土地利用关系坡度分异规律。结果表明:(1)示范区土地利用类型以草地和灌木丛为主,在坡度<25°范围,草地和灌木丛随着坡度的增高所占比例呈递增变化,耕地则相反。(2)石漠化变化在坡度5°~25°之间发生显著变化。在<25°的坡度范围,石漠化变化的面积变化与坡度呈正相关,>25°的坡度则呈负相关。(3)草地类型下的石漠化变化最显著的坡度是15°~25°,石漠化变化主要从极重度石漠化转变为中度石漠化。耕地集中在<25°的坡度,以重度石漠化转变为中度石漠化为主。灌木、林地则集中在坡度8°~25°的范围,灌木以极重度石漠化转变为中度石漠化为主。林地以轻度石漠化转变为潜在石漠化为主。土地利用与石漠化关系的坡度分异规律具有一定的相关性。4种地类均在坡度<25°的范围内石漠化变化明显,可见人类活动是影响石漠化的一大主因。In the karst region of southwest China,ecological vulnerability is strong due to natural conditions and human activities,and ecological problems mainly manifested by stone desertification are particularly prominent.Taking the Huajiang Demonstration Area in Guizhou as an example,this paper uses the stone desertification data of the Hua⁃jiang Demonstration Area in 2000 and 2018 and the land use data in 2018 for spatial overlay and statistical analysis to study the relationship between stone desertification and land use based on the slope perspective.The results show that(1)the land use types in the demonstration area are mainly grassland and shrubland,and the proportion of grass⁃land and shrubland increases with the increase of slope in the range of slope<25°while the opposite is true for culti⁃vated land.(2)The change in stone desertification in the demonstration area varies significantly between slopes of 5°and 25°Within the slope range of<25°the area change of stone desertification change is positively correlated with slope,while the slope of>25°is negatively correlated.(3)The most significant slope range for stone desertification change under grassland types is 15°~25°with stone desertification change mainly from very heavy to moderate stone desertification.Cultivated land is concentrated on slopes<25°and is dominated by a change from heavy to moderate stone desertification.Shrubs and woodlands are concentrated in the slope range 8°~25°with shrubs mainly changing from very heavy to moderate stone desertification.The woodland is dominated by light stone desertification trans⁃formed into potential stone desertification.The pattern of slope divergence in the relationship between land use and stone desertification is somewhat correlated.All four land types show significant changes in stone desertification in the<25°range,suggesting that human activities are a major factor influencing stone desertification.

关 键 词：喀斯特石漠化 土地利用 坡度分异 花江示范区 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]