政治语言变异管窥:“唯”的逆语法化历程  

Variation of Political Language:the Reverse Grammaticalization of"Wei"(唯)

作　　者：闫克[1] YAN Ke(School of Liberal Arts and Law,Polytechnic University of Henan,Jiaozuo,Henan,454000)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学文法学院,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《新疆大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第4期145-151,共7页Journal of Xinjiang University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“社会语言学视角下豫西北方言变异研究”(14CYY012);河南省高校科技创新团队培育项目“汉语‘古方普’的对比研究”(SKTD2022-02)。

摘　　要：在当代政治语言中副词“唯”衍生出了动词的用法,根据其能带宾语但不能加时体标记等语法特征来看,“唯_(动)”应归为状态动词,表达“以N为唯一行事标准”之意。从“唯_(副)”发展到“唯_(动)”是一种逆语法化,它依赖于从“唯N_(C)”到“唯+N_(C)”的去词汇化。它们孕育于“唯”族成语(“唯N_(O)是V”“VN_(O)唯N_(C)”和“唯N_(C)是V”)的“有形断裂”式系列变异,自浅而深的变异阶段是“插词”变异、“易位”变异和“失落”变异。“失落”变异的遗留“唯N_(C)”在频率效应和主观化的影响下,发生“失落转移”和“失落改造”,推动了“唯N_(C)”的形式独立和表意完整。随着N_(C)的自由发展,受韵律作用的促动,“唯+N_(C)”的重新分析得以完成,“唯_(动)”最终定型。In contemporary political language,the adverb"Wei"acquires the usage of verbs.According to its grammatical features of taking the object but lacking tense and aspect markers,"Wei"can be classified as a state verb,expressing the meaning of"taking N as the sole standard of action".Its development from an adverb to a verb is a kind of reverse grammaticalization,depending on the de-lexicalization from"Wei N_(C)"to"Wei+N_(C)".They are bred in the series of form variations of"Wei"idioms("Wei N_(O) Shi V","VN_(O) Wei N_(C)"and"Wei N_(C) Shi V").The variation stages move from"insertion","translocation"and to"loss".Under the influence of frequency effect and subjectivization,"Wei N_(C)",the residue of"loss"variation,has undergone"loss transfer"and"loss transformation",which promotes the form independence and integrity of expression of"Wei+N_(C)".With the free development of N_(C) and the promotion of rhythm,the reanalysis of"Wei+N_(C)"has completed,and the verb"Wei"has finalized.From this point of view,the grammatical variation is characterized by gradual change of function and combination.

关 键 词：唯 逆语法化 去词汇化 语法变异 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语]