贝母类药材采收和产地加工的历史沿革及研究进展  

Harvesting and Primary Processing in Fritillaria Medicinal Materials:A Review

作　　者：李巧 王梅 万子玉 种叶敏 蔡晓洋 李敏[1] LI Qiao;WANG Mei;WAN Ziyu;CHONG Yemin;CAI Xiaoyang;LI Min(State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources,School of Pharmacy,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 611137,China)

机构地区：[1]成都中医药大学药学院,省部共建西南特色中药资源国家重点实验室,成都611137

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2022年第13期269-276,共8页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：四川省科技厅重点研发项目(2020YFS0303);成都中医药大学“杏林学者”学科人才科研提升计划项目(CXTD2018016)。

摘　　要：贝母类药材是中医临床常用的大宗药材,具有清热润肺、化痰止咳的功效。2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》(以下简称《中国药典》)共收载了5种贝母类药材,包括川贝母、平贝母、浙贝母、湖北贝母、伊贝母。目前大多文献对于贝母类药材的研究报道主要集中于药理作用、化学成分、真伪鉴别等方面,而原药材的采收、产地加工等方面报道则较少。贝母为多年生药用植物,品种繁多且复杂,采收及产地加工对其质量和疗效有较大影响。不同种类的贝母采收加工方法存在一定差异,主产于川西高原的川贝母、主产于新疆的伊贝母及主产于我国东北的平贝母,多为6—7月份采收,直接晒干或烘干;而分布于长江流域一带的浙贝母与湖北贝母多于夏初植株枯萎时采收,需在产地加工过程中添加辅料如贝壳粉、石灰等。目前贝母类药材的干燥方法仍多为传统的晒干或烘干,不适用于栽培品的规模化生产,亟需寻求科学合理及高效的产地加工方法。通过查阅古籍本草、历版《中国药典》和其他药材标准,并结合现代文献资料,笔者拟对贝母类药材的采收年限、采收时间及产地加工环节进行梳理,并对其采收及产地加工方法进行展望,以期为贝母类药材的规范化生产提供参考。Chinese medicinal material from Fritillaria,Beimu in Chinese,is a commonly used antitussive and expectorant traditional Chinese herbal medicine,with the significant functions of clearing heat and moistening lung,resolving phlegm and relieving cough.Five kinds of Fritillaria were recorded in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia,including Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus,Fritillariae Ussuriensis Bulbus,Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus,Fritillariae Hupehensis Bulbus and Fritillariae Pallidiflorae Bulbus.At present,the reports on Fritillaria mainly focus on the pharmacological effect,chemical composition,identification of authenticity and other aspects,while there were few reports on harvesting and primary processing of original medicinal materials.Fritillaria medicines were perennial medicinal plant with various and complex varieties,their quality and curative effect were greatly affected by harvesting and processing in producing area.The processing method differed according to its variety.Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus mainly from western Sichuan plateau,Fritillariae Pallidiflorae Bulbus from Xinjiang and Fritillariae Ussuriensis Bulbus from Northeast China were mostly harvested from June to July and sun dried directly or dried.But Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus and Fritillariae Hupehensis Bulbus from Yangtze River basin were harvested when the plants wilted at the beginning of summer,and auxiliary materials such as shell powder and lime must be added during the processing.At present,the drying methods of Fritillaria were still traditional,which is not suitable for large-scale production of cultivated products.Therefore,it is urgent to find a scientific,reasonable and efficient processing methods.Aimed at providing references for standardization production of Fritillaria,this paper made a textual research on the ancient and modern herbal literature,the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and other medicinal standards,combined with modern literature,the harvesting and processing methods of Fritillaria were sorted out and prospecte

关 键 词：贝母类药材 采收年限 采收时间 产地加工 干燥技术 质量评价 本草考证 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论] R28[医药卫生—中医学] R931[文化科学—情报学] G353.11