个人信息公益诉讼:生成机理、适用困境与路径优化——基于203份裁判文书的实证分析  

Public Interest Litigation of Personal Information:Formation mechanism,Operation Status and Path Optimization——An Empirical Analysis Based on 203 Judicial Documents

作　　者：陈奇伟[1] 聂琳峰 CHEN Qi-wei;NIE Lin-feng(School of Law,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China;School of Civil,Commercial and Economic Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学法学院,江西南昌330031 [2]中国政法大学民商经济法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《南昌大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2022年第3期54-63,共10页Journal of Nanchang University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：江西省高校人文社会科学重点研究基地指标项目“大数据时代个人信息权保护的立法问题研究”(JD170096)。

摘　　要：现行“双轮治理”模式在面对日趋复杂的个人信息侵权时存在明显的规制错位,主要表现为:“私益救济”客观不能和效果欠佳致使救济乏力,“公法保护”疲态尽显致使保护不力,二者适用场景割裂衍生出制度空白,“公益诉讼”由此介入个人信息保护领域。司法实践中个人信息公益诉讼呈现稳步上升、类型集中和责任多样等特点,同时也具备一定的非规范性,如规则适用缺位、程序适用混乱和结果适用矛盾。为提升公益诉讼实效,需优化制度设计,克服适用障碍:在功能定位上,确立执法权力的优先地位和公益诉讼的补充地位,确定公益保护顺位“行政执法→行政公益诉讼→民事公益诉讼”;在主体定位上,根据不同诉讼类型对参与主体开展差异化设计,努力扩大主体范围,拓宽参与渠道;在责任定位上,突出公益责任的威慑功能,通过内部化负外部成本提高违法成本,维护公共利益。The current"two-round governance"model has obvious regulatory dislocation in the face of the increasingly complex situation of personal information infringement,mainly manifested as:"private benefit relief"can not be objective and the effect is not good,resulting in the lack of relief,"public law protection"fatigue shows that the lack of protection,the separation of the two applicable scenarios derived from the system blank."Thus public interest litigation"involved in the field of personal information protection.According to the quantitative analysis results of 203 judgments,the personal information public interest litigation shows the characteristics of steady increase,concentration of types and diversity of responsibilities.At the same time,there are some irregularities,such as absence of rules,confusion of procedures and contradiction of results.In order to improve the effectiveness of public interest litigation,it is necessary to optimize the system design and overcome the obstacles to application.In terms of function orientation,the priority of law enforcement power and the supplementary status of public interest litigation should be established,and the order of public interest protection should be"administrative law enforcement→administrative public interest litigation→civil public interest litigation".In the subject orientation,according to different types of litigation to carry out differentiated design of the participants,efforts to expand the scope of the subject,broaden the channels of participation;In the orientation of responsibility,the deterrence function of public responsibility is highlighted,and the illegal cost is increased and public interests are maintained by internalizing external costs.

关 键 词：个人信息 行政公益诉讼 民事公益诉讼 私益救济 公法保护 

分 类 号：D915.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]