中国式民事程序简化:逻辑与省思  

Chinese Simplification of Civil Procedure:Logic and Reflection

作　　者：任重[1] REN Zhong

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《法治研究》2022年第3期111-125,共15页Research on Rule of Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“民事诉权基础理论研究”(项目编号:17CFX065)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“商品经济繁荣→实体权利义务倍增→民事程序丰满和精细”是改革开放40年来社会变革与法律演进、实体法与诉讼法相互交错的集中缩影。“案多人少”不仅不是诉讼体制转型的结果,反而是转型不彻底的表现。最高人民法院先以“人少”为着眼点,随后才将“案多人少”与民事程序简化对应起来。“案多人少”使中国式民事程序简化逻辑从最大限度满足人民群众的司法需求,调整为减轻法院负担,并集中表现为简化程序之选择适用向强制适用的转型。强制型民事程序简化在我国历经两个阶段,与以“大调解”为名的第一轮民事程序简化相比,普通程序简易化、简易程序小额化和诉讼程序非讼化构成了简化第二波,并在本次民事诉讼法修正中达到高潮。民事诉讼体制转型并非仅仅靠缩减司法职权范围即可自动实现,这毋宁是在明确职权范围的同时提高司法能效的结果。“案多人少”的解决不是“管出来”的,而要遵循诉讼规律,进一步推进民事诉讼体制转型,使法律统一适用和“同案同判”在当事人主义的土壤中生根发芽。中国式民事程序简化的逻辑也亟需从减轻法院负担的行政化思维转换为满足人民群众司法需要的当事人权利思维。"prosperity of the commodity economy→the multiplication of substantive rights and obligations→enrichment and elaboration of civil procedures"is the epitome of the intertwining of social change and legal evolution,substantive law and litigation law,over the past 40 years of the reform and opening up."Many cases but few judges"is not the result of the transition of the litigation system,but the reflection of incomplete transition.The Supreme People’s Court first focused on"few judges",and then connected"many cases but few judges"with the simplification of civil procedures.Due to"many cases but few judges",the Chinses logic of simplifying civil procedures was adjusted from satisfying the judicial needs of the people to reducing the burden of the courts,and it is highlighted that the simplified procedures become mandatorily applied from optionally applied.The mandatory simplification of civil procedures took two steps in China.Compared with the first round simplification of civil procedures in the name of"grand mediation",the second round simplification consists of the transitions from the ordinary procedures to the summary procedures,from summary procedures to the small claim procedures,and from the litigation procedures to the non-litigation procedures,finally reaching its peak in the latest amendment of the Civil Procedure Law.The transition of the civil litigation system can not be automatically achieved simply by reducing the scope of the duty of courts,but rather effectively solved by improving judicial efficiency while clarifying the scope of their duty."Many cases but few judges"can not be solved by sole"management",but by following the regularity of litigation and further promoting the transition,so that the consistent application of the law and"the similar cases with the consistent judgements"will take root in the soil of party-oriented litigation system.The Chinese logic of simplifying civil procedure also urgently needs to be converted from the administrative sight of reducing the burden on the cour

关 键 词：当事人主义 诉讼体制 案多人少 员额制 小额程序 法院职权 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]