海洋专题制图标准的发展与展望  

Marine thematic mapping standards: An overview

作　　者：樊妙 章任群[2] 马丹[2] 张艳杰 张苗苗 金继业[2] 邢喆[2] FAN Miao;ZHANG Renqun;MA Dan;ZHANG Yanjie;Zhang Miaomiao;JIN Ji Ye;XING Zhe(School of Marine Science and Technology,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;National Marine Data and Information Service,Tianjin 300171,China;National Satellite Ocean Application Service,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学海洋科学与技术学院,天津300072 [2]国家海洋信息中心,天津300171 [3]国家卫星海洋应用中心,北京100081

出　　处：《海洋通报》2022年第2期121-130,共10页Marine Science Bulletin

摘　　要：海洋专题制图标准是规范海洋专题图制作、建立读图者一致认知,以及实现海洋信息共享的基础。随着我国海洋科学调查的逐步深入及大量制图成果的涌现,制图标准化工作越来越受到重视。本文从定义与描述、获取与处理、检测与测试、成果与服务等4个方面梳理了国内外海洋制图标准的发展状况。结果表明:(1)海洋专题地图的标准化尚待提高,尤其是与陆地基本比例尺地形图、地质图、航海图标准化相比,发展较为缓慢;(2) 908专项及全球变化与海气相互作用专项在海洋制图标准方面的大力建设,使得海洋专题要素分类、表示方法、图件类型和图面整饰等趋于成熟和一致;(3)当前海洋专题制图标准多以定义描述类的图式图例为主,缺乏处理与分析、表达与管理、检查与评价、输出与共享等全链条的标准支撑。今后,除海洋调查、信息化之外海洋制图应加大其他领域如海洋生态、规划、灾害等海洋制图标准的编制,注重多要素、多维度、多时序海洋现象和规律的制图表达,深化地图要素设计认知等方面的研究。Marine Cartographic standardization plays a fundamental role in visualizing the marine surveying products,establishing consistent knowledge among map readers, improving map reading efficiency, helping marine information exchange and sharing. With the increasing marine scientific investigations, a large number of cartographic outcomes need to be uniformed by cartographic standardization for further utilizing and sharing. In this paper, the development status of marine thematic cartographic standards both in national and international broad had been reviewed in four aspects: definition and description, acquisition and processing, inspection and evaluation, products and services. The results show that:(1) the standardization of marine thematic maps still needs to be improved, especially compared with the standardization of terrestrial basic scale topographic maps, geological maps and nautical charts;(2) Marine cartographic standards study which supported by 908 project had made the standards of marine thematic elements mature and consistent, such as elements classification,representation, thematic map types and map layout;(3) The current standards of thematic mapping are mostly based on the definition and description of the legend of the map, and lack the support of the whole chain of standards from data processing and analysis, expression and management, inspection and evaluation, output and sharing. In the future, marine mapping standards should enlarge to other fields, including marine ecosystem, marine spatial planning, marine hazards and focus on the cartographic expression of multi-element, multi-dimensional and multi-temporal marine phenomena and laws;deepen the research on the design cognition of marine map elements.

关 键 词：制图学 海洋专题图 标准化 GIS 

分 类 号：P717[天文地球—海洋科学] P229