护生志愿者对农村空巢老人健康促进的干预研究  

Intervention study of nursing students working as volunteers on health promotion behaviors of the empty-nest elderly in rural areas

作　　者：刘芳娥[1] 王佳[2] 李安琪 薛东丽 杨智男 Liu Fang′e;Wang Jia;Li Anqi;Xue Dongli;Yang Zhinan(Medical College of Xi′an Peihua University,Xi′an 710125,China)

机构地区：[1]西安培华学院医学院,陕西西安710125 [2]延安大学 [3]西安职业技术学院

出　　处：《护理学杂志》2022年第12期79-82,F0003,共5页Journal of Nursing Science

基　　金：陕西省社会科学基金项目(2018G10);西安培华学院校级重点项目(PHKT2018)。

摘　　要：目的探讨护理学专业大学生志愿者对农村空巢老人健康促进的干预效果。方法2021年3~5月采取抽签法随机将陕西省西安市长安区某两个村落分为干预组和对照组,对干预组和对照组村落中的空巢老年人分别采用便利抽样法抽取符合纳入标准和排除标准的老人各35例。干预组采取护生志愿者入户进行10次一对一的慢病防护健康教育、营养支持、运动锻炼以及心理护理等健康促进干预方法,对照组采取空白对照。采用健康促进生活方式量表、老年抑郁评估量表、孤独感量表对两组老人干预前、干预5周后、干预10周后进行效果评价。结果干预5周后两组老人健康促进生活方式总分、健康职责、营养行为以及自我实现等指标比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);干预10周后两组老人健康促进生活方式总分、健康职责、营养行为、运动锻炼、压力应对、自我实现、抑郁总分以及孤独感总分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论护生志愿者入户对农村空巢老人实施一对一的健康促进干预,有助于提升其健康素养,改善其健康行为,减少其负性心理,从而促进农村空巢老人的身心健康。Objective To explore the effect of nursing students working as volunteers on health promotion of the empty-nest elderly in rural areas.Methods From March to May 2021,two villages in Chang′an District,Xi′an,Shaanxi Province were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group by drawing lots.There were 35 elderly patients in each group who met the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria.The intervention group received 10 sessions of one-on-one,in-home health promotion intervention(contents include health education on chronic diseases prevention and care,nutrition support,exercise,mental care,etc.)led by nursing student volunteers,while the control group received no intervention at all.The Health Promoting Lifestyle Scale(HPLP-Ⅱ),Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS-30),and UCLA Loneliness Scale were used to measure the two groups before intervention,5 weeks,and 10 weeks into the intervention.Results Five weeks into the intervention,there were significant differences in HPLP-Ⅱtotals,and scores of health responsibility,nutrition-related behaviors and self-actualization between the two groups(P<0.05 for all);10 weeks into the intervention,there were significant differences in HPLP-Ⅱtotals,and scores of health responsibility,nutrition-related behaviors,exercise,stress coping,self-actualization,depression and loneliness between the two groups(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion The practice of nursing student volunteers going into households to implement one-on-one health promotion intervention for the empty-nest elderly in rural area,is helpful to improve elders′health literacy and health behavior,reduce their negative mentality,and thus promote the physical and mental health of the elderly.

关 键 词：护生 志愿者 农村 空巢老人 社区护理 健康促进 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学] R193.2[医药卫生—临床医学]