复合肥料对茶叶产量、品质及茶园土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of Compound Fertilizer on Tea Yield,Quality and Fertility of Tea Garden Soil

作　　者：赵晨光 牛司耘 陈勋[3] 方丽[1] 李海涛 王佩星 沈镔镔 石元值[1] ZHAO Chenguang;NIU Siyun;CHEN Xun;FANG Li;LI Haitao;WANG Peixing;SHEN Binbin;SHI Yuanzhi(Tea Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310008,China;Tonghua Normal University,Jilin Tonghua 134000,China;Institute of Fruit and Tea,Hubei Academy of Aagricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China;Agricultural Technology Comprehensive Service Station of Chongren Town,Shengzhou City,Zhejiang Province,Zhejiang Shaoxing 312000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院茶叶研究所,杭州310008 [2]通化师范学院,吉林通化134000 [3]湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所,武汉430064 [4]浙江省嵊州市崇仁镇农业技术综合服务站,浙江绍兴312000

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2022年第6期206-217,共12页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200900);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-19)。

摘　　要：为分析不同肥料处理对茶树生长及茶园土壤肥力的影响,以龙井43茶树为供试品种,根据施肥方式不同设置T1(不施肥处理)、T2(控释肥处理)、T3(碳基肥处理)、T4(脲甲醛处理)、T5(茶树专用肥处理)、T6(习惯施肥处理)共6个处理。分析不同施肥处理的茶叶产量、茶叶养分元素含量、茶园土壤肥力和经济效益。结果表明,施用复合肥均可提高茶叶产量及茶梢百芽重。与不施肥处理相比,施用复合肥可明显提高茶叶产量,其中以茶树专用肥处理增产效果最稳定。增加复合肥可以促进茶芽更早萌发,与不施肥相比可提早1周开采,但不同复合肥处理间差异不显著。施用复合肥可明显提高茶叶中N含量,但不同复合肥处理C含量差异不显著。施用复合肥均显著提高了茶园土壤速效养分含量,其中碳基肥复合肥在阻止肥料淋溶损失方面表现较好,其次是茶树专用肥与尿甲醛复合肥,均可提高肥料利用率,减少环境污染。施用复合肥料均可提升茶叶的产量与品质,其中以茶树专用肥效果最佳,且经济效益及养分利用效率均最高;复合肥的过量施用易导致养分淋溶损失。通过分析不同肥料对茶树生长及茶园土壤肥力的影响,旨在为茶园肥料选择提供理论依据,以期提高茶园经济效益。In order to analyze the effects of different fertilizer treatments on the growth of tea plant and the fertility of tea garden soil,the Longjing 43 tea tree was used as the test variety,and 6 treatments were set according to different fertilizer methods including T1(no fertilizer treatment),T2(controlled-release fertilizer treatment),T3(carbonbased fertilizer treatment),T4(urea-formaldehyde treatment),T5(special fertilizer of tea tree treatment)and T6(habit fertilizer treatment).The tea yield,tea nutrient element content,tea garden soil fertility and economic benefit of different treatments were analyzed.The results showed that the application of compound fertilizer could increase the yield of tea and the 100-bud weight of tea shoots.Compared with no fertilizer application,compound fertilizer application significantly increased the tea yieald tea,among which the effect of special fertilizer treatment was the most stable.Increasing the compound fertilizer could promote the germination of tea buds earlier,and it could be mined 1 week earlier than that without compound fertilizer,but there was no significant difference among the treatments.The application of compound fertilizer could increase the content of N in tea,at most 15% compared with no fertilizer application,but there was no significant difference the content of C among different compound fertilizer treatments.The application of compound fertilizer could significantly increase the content of available nutrient in tea garden soil,and the carbon-based compound fertilizer was better in preventing the leaching loss of fertilizer,followed by special fertilizer of tea tree and urea-formaldehyde compound fertilizer,all of which could improve the fertilizer utilization ratio,reduce environmental pollution.The application of compound fertilizer could improve the quality of tea,especially the special fertilizer of tea tree,which the economic benefit and nutrient use efficiency were the highest.By analyzing the effects of different fertilizers on the growth of tea tree

关 键 词：复合肥 茶叶产量 茶叶品质 茶园土壤 经济效益 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]