倾向的形而上学  

The Metaphysics with Dispositions

作　　者：张孟雯 ZHANG Mengwen(School of Marxism,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai,200433)

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学马克思主义学院,上海200433

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2022年第7期1-8,共8页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学青年课题“基于科学实践的倾向本体论研究”(项目编号:2019EZX005)。

摘　　要：“倾向”在当代哲学讨论中,特别是形而上学研究中得到广泛应用。这使得倾向的形而上学有必要得到严肃对待。不过,倾向的形而上学问题一直富于争议,本文尝试用关于倾向、性质以及倾向性质的三个问题,展示倾向的形而上学研究的基本图景:倾向与非倾向是对世界的真实区分吗?这种区分是针对性质的吗?倾向性质是实在的吗?对这三个问题的不同回答展示了形而上学领域休谟主义与反休谟主义之争。其中,作为一种彻底的和统一的反休谟主义进路,倾向本质主义对以上三个问题都给出了肯定回答;而且,从经验科学和形而上学两方面的理由来看,倾向的本质主义进路是最值得辩护的。“Dispositions”is widely applied in contemporary philosophical discussions,especially in the study of metaphysics,which makes it necessary for the metaphysics with dispositions to be treated seriously.However,metaphysics with dispositions has always been controversial.This paper aims to show the basic landscape of metaphysics with dispositions from the answer to the following three questions about dispositions,properties and properties of dispositions:Are the world genuinely subject to dispositional or non-dispositional divisions?are dispositional divisions really targeted at properties?And are dispositional properties real?Different answers to these questions show the disputes between the Humean and anti-Humean traditions in the field of metaphysics.Among all these answers,dispositional essentialism which is a thorough and unified anti-Humean approach,gives an affirmative answer to all these three questions.Moreover,seen from empiricism and metaphysics,dispositional essentialism is the most promising approach towards metaphysics with dispositions.

关 键 词：休谟主义 自然律 反事实条件句 因果性 

分 类 号：B081.1[哲学宗教—哲学理论]