老挝裔美国苗族的文化适应模式探析  

A Research on Cultural Adaptation Models of American Hmong

作　　者：黄秀蓉[1] Xiurong Huang

机构地区：[1]西南大学历史文化学院/民族学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《世界民族》2022年第3期94-105,共12页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：中国侨联2019年度课题“海外苗族经济文化交流与认同问题研究”(项目编号:19BZQK219),项目主持人为黄秀蓉;西南大学中央高校科研基金项目“‘一带一路’背景下跨国苗族经济文化交流与认同问题研究”(项目编号:SWU1909214)的阶段性成果,项目主持人为黄秀蓉。

摘　　要：作为战争难民进入美国的老挝苗族群体,其传统文化与美国主流社会文化存在着巨大的差异。在近半个世纪对陌生新文化的适应过程中,不同代际的美国苗族群体根据自身特点与对传统文化的不同态度,采用了不同的适应模式,包括极端适应型、被动与主动的涵化型、主动的同化型以及非常规的青少年帮派活动等。美国苗族不同代际群体与相应的适应模式并不严格对应,而是互有交叉,又或有同一代际群体采取多重适应模式的方式。美国苗族群体多样化的文化适应模式有助于整个族群较快地融入美国主流社会生活,同时促进其传统文化在苗族社区中的传承与发展,并在更为广阔的世界范围内寻求超越民族国家界限的文化认同。Lao Hmong entered the United States as war refugees, whose traditional culture is quite different from that of the mainstream American society. In the nearly half-century process of adapting to the strange new culture, different generations of American Hmong adopted different adaptation models according to their own characteristics and varied attitudes towards traditional culture, including extreme adaptation, passive and active acculturation, active assimilation and unconventional youth gang activities. In fact, the generational division of American Hmong was not completely corresponding to the adaptation patterns, but overlapped, or even one generational group adopted multiple adaptation patterns. The diverse acculturation patterns of American Hmong helped the whole group merge quickly in to the mainstream American society, while promoting the inheritance and development of Hmong traditional culture in their communities and searching a kind of cultural identity that goes beyond nation-state limitations in the wider world.

关 键 词：美国苗族 文化差异 文化适应 文化传承 文化认同 

分 类 号：C956[社会学—民族学] G05[文化科学]