地铁小半径曲线不同位置轮轨摩擦因数优化  

Optimization of wheel/rail friction coefficient at different positionson small-radius curves on metros

作　　者：朱爱华[1] 张帆[1] 孙培文 张凯琦 杨建伟[1] 马潮潮 孟宇轩 ZHU Aihua;ZHANG Fan;SUN Peiwen;ZHANG Kaiqi;YANG Jianwei;MA Chaochao;MENG Yuxuan(Beijing Key Laboratory of Performance Guarantee on Urban Rail Transit Vehicles,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China;Shanxi Jianghuai Heavy Industry Co.,Ltd.,Jincheng 048026,China)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学城市轨道交通车辆服役性能保障北京市重点实验室,北京100044 [2]山西江淮重工有限责任公司,山西晋城048026

出　　处：《浙江工业大学学报》2022年第4期428-434,共7页Journal of Zhejiang University of Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51975038);北京市自然科学基金资助项目(KZ202010016025)。

摘　　要：针对地铁小半径曲线轮轨润滑技术,以小半径曲线不同位置为切入点,通过实际参数建立某地铁B型车辆动力学仿真模型,分析摩擦因数变化时曲线不同位置的轮轨磨耗性能、滚动接触疲劳特性以及曲线安全性的相应规律,并通过熵权法对上述3个指标进行曲线不同位置的轮轨摩擦因数优化,得到曲线不同位置处的最佳摩擦因数区间和危险摩擦因数区间。研究表明:车辆在缓圆点和圆缓点处的磨耗指数、表面疲劳指数和脱轨系数等指标均明显比其他位置更加恶劣;小半径曲线不同位置处的最佳摩擦因数区间各不相同,缓圆点和圆缓点的最佳摩擦因数区间为0.10~0.20,缓中点2的最佳摩擦因数区间为0.10~0.25,曲中点的最佳摩擦因数区间为0.10~0.30,缓中点1和直线点的最佳摩擦因数区间较广为0.10~0.50。因此,在地铁车辆实际运行过程中,可以通过改变润滑剂的材质以及涂抹量使得同一曲线不同位置均在其最佳摩擦因数区间内,以减轻车轮磨耗,减少疲劳裂纹的萌生,改善车辆安全性能,减少运营成本。Aiming at the wheel-rail lubrication technology of small-radius curves on subways,this paper uses different positions of a small-radius curve as the starting points and establishes a dynamical simulation model of B-type vehicles for subways through actual parameters.When the friction coefficient is changed,the wheel-rail wear performance,contact fatigue characteristics and curve safety at different positions are analyzed.Based on the above three indicators,the wheel-rail friction coefficients at different positions on the curve are optimized through the entropy weight method and the optimal and dangerous friction coefficient ranges at different positions are obtained.It is shown that the wear index,surface fatigue index,and derailment coefficient of vehicles at gentle circle and circle points are significantly worse than those at the other positions.The optimal friction coefficient range at different positions on a small-radius curve is different:0.10 to 0.20 at gentle circle and circle points,0.10 to 0.25 at gentle midpoint 2,0.10 to 0.30 at curvy midpoint and 0.1 to 0.5 at gentle midpoint 1 and straight points.Therefore,in the practical operation of subway vehicles,the quality and amount of lubricant can be changed to make the friction coefficient in the optimum range at different positions on the same curve,thus reducing wheel wear,decreasing the initiation of fatigue cracks,improving vehicle safety and lowering operating costs.

关 键 词：磨耗性能 滚动接触疲劳特性 曲线通过安全性 摩擦因数 熵权法 

分 类 号：U271.92[机械工程—车辆工程]