竞技运动成为体育课程主要载体的渊源  

Origin of Competitive Sports as the Main Carrier of Physical Education Curriculum

作　　者：王水泉[1] WANG Shuiquan(School of Physical Education and Health Sciences,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua 321004,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学体育与健康科学学院,浙江金华321004

出　　处：《上海体育学院学报》2022年第7期8-18,共11页Journal of Shanghai University of Sport

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(16BTY006)。

摘　　要：探寻现代竞技运动取代近代体操成为体育课程主要载体的渊源,认为:英国产业革命的成功、“地缘”社会的解体为竞技运动文明化创造了条件。英国拉格比公学充分发挥运动乐趣,尊重学生主体性,采用联赛制,成功实现了暴力足球向现代足球、现代橄榄球的转型,竞技运动以课后特别课程的形式成为公学培养绅士必备素养的一个重要环节,“竞技运动教育”由此诞生。19世纪末20世纪初产业化、城市化的实现,促使课外竞技运动蓬勃开展,加之进步主义教育思想推进,催生出美国“新体育”思潮;“自然化”的游戏、竞技运动取代“形式化”的近代体操成为体育课程的主要载体。体育课程的定位也随之由“身体的教育”转变为“通过身体的教育”,竞技运动成为体育课程主要载体的时代由此开启。得出启示:体育课程不能偏离人格塑造的轨道,手段论的课程观有待超越,身体运动固有的文化属性有待彰显。The main purpose of the article is to clarify the origin of modern competitive sports replacing modern gymnastics as the main carrier of physical education curriculum.It is found that the success of the British Industrial Revolution and the disintegration of"geopolitical"societies created conditions for the civilization of competitive sports.Rugby School,which gave full play to the fun of sports,respected students'subjectivity,and adopted the joint competition system,successfully realized the transformation from mob soccer to modern football and modern rugby.In the form of after-class special courses,competitive sports became an important part of cultivating the necessary qualities of gentlemen in public schools,then the"competitive sports education"was born.With the realization of industrialization and urbanization in the late 19th century and early 20th century,the vigorous development of extracurricular competitive sports,coupled with the advancement of progressive educational thought,the"New Physical Education"ideology in the United States was thus established."Naturalized"game,and competitive sports replacing"formal"modern gymnastics became the main carrier of physical education courses.The orientation of physical education curriculum also changed from"physical education"to"through the physical education",and the era of competitive sports as the main carrier of physical education curriculum began.Therefore,enlightenment are drawn as follows:physical education curriculum can not deviate from one's personality education;the view of curriculum as instrumentality needs to be surpassed;the inherent cultural attributes of physical movement need to be revealed.

关 键 词：竞技运动 体育课程 文明化 人格塑造 英国公学 “新体育”思潮 手段论 

分 类 号：G808[文化科学—体育训练]