清水江流域水环境质量变化趋势及治理措施分析  

Study on the change trend of water environment quality in Qingshui River Basin in recent ten years

作　　者：伍名群 WU Mingqun(Qiandongnan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center,Kaili,Guizhou 556000,China)

机构地区：[1]黔东南生态环境监测中心,贵州凯里556000

出　　处：《贵州师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第4期58-65,69,共9页Journal of Guizhou Normal University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技厅社发攻关项目(黔科合SY字[2013]3133);黔东南州科技计划项目(黔东南科合J字[2021]70号)。

摘　　要：为揭示清水江流域水质变化趋势,以2011-2020年清水江流域6个断面监测数据为基础,对清水江流域水质变化趋势、水质综合污染程度和主要污染物时空分布特征进行系统分析。结果显示:2011-2020年期间,清水江流域水质逐渐趋于好转,从2018年开始清水江流域水质达到或优于Ⅲ类水质标准,水质综合污染程度从尚清洁水质向清洁水质改善。影响清水江流域水质的主要污染物为总磷和氟化物,各断面总磷浓度降幅在40.0%~99.3%;氟化物浓度降幅在33.1%~88.2%,其中降幅最大均为湾水断面。经初步分析,清水江流域水质整体趋于变好的原因在于贵州省采取行之有效的经济手段控制污染物排放、利用法律手段督促企业规范排污行为、使用行政手段督察企业整改等系列政策的出台及配套措施的有效实施。In order to reveal the Changing trend of water quality in Qingshui River Basin,based on the monitoring data of 6 sections in Qingshui River Basin from 2011 to 2020,the Changing trend of water quality,the comprehensive pollution degree of water quality and the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of main pollutants in Qingshui River Basin are systematically analyzed.The results show that from 2011 to 2020,the water quality of Qingshui River Basin tends to improve gradually.From 2018,the water quality of Qingshui River Basin has reached or better than ClassⅢwater quality standard,and the comprehensive pollution degree of water quality has improved from fairly clean water quality to clean water quality.The main pollutants affecting the water quality of Qingshui River Basin are total phosphorus and fluoride,and the concentration of total phosphorus in each section decreases by 40.0%~99.3%;The fluoride concentration decreased by 33.1%~88.2%,and the largest decrease was in the bay water section.After preliminary analysis,the overall improvement of water quality in Qingshui River Basin is due to the introduction of a series of policies and the effective implementation of matching measures,such as Guizhou Province taking effective economic means to control pollutant discharge,using legal means to urge enterprises to standardize pollutant discharge behavior,and using administrative means to supervise enterprise rectification.

关 键 词：水环境质量 综合污染指数法 Spearman秩相关系数法 清水江流域 

分 类 号：X8[环境科学与工程—环境工程]