如何在教学中培养学生的思维和能力(1):观察与思考  

HOW TO CULTIVATE STUDENTS’ THINKING AND ABILITY IN TEACHING(1): OBSERVATION AND THINKING

作　　者：高云峰[1] Gao Yunfeng(School of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学航天航空学院,北京100084

出　　处：《力学与实践》2022年第3期651-656,共6页Mechanics in Engineering

摘　　要：教育的本质是培养学生思维和解决问题的能力。力学课程强调基本概念、基本理论和基本方法,但课程中概念多、公式多,是工科比较难学的课程之一。教学中可以设计一些启发性的案例,既与学生所学知识有关,又生动有趣、富有哲理,让学生了解抽象理论如何运用于实践、学会处理复杂问题的方法并获得超越知识的智慧。本文介绍了自行车运动、跳高运动及跳水运动中的现象,并分别从参考系、质心运动定理、动量矩守恒的角度解释了这些现象背后的力学原理,以及带给我们的启示。The essence of education is to cultivate students’ ability of thinking and solving problems.Mechanics courses emphasize basic concepts, theories and methods, but there are many concepts and formulas in the course, which is one of the most difficult courses in engineering. Some enlightening cases can be designed in lessons, which are not only related to the knowledge students have learned, but also vivid, interesting and philosophical, so that students can understand how to apply abstract theory in practice, how to deal with complex problems and obtain wisdom beyond knowledge. This paper introduces the phenomena in cycling, high jump and diving, and explains the mechanics principle behind these phenomena from the angle of reference system, center of mass motion theorem and the conservation of the moment of motion, as well as the enlightenment to us.

关 键 词：观察与思考 参考系 质心运动定理 动量矩守恒 

分 类 号：O3[理学—力学]