内蒙古白云鄂博矿区优势植物重金属和稀土元素富集特征  

Enrichment Characteristics of Heavy Metals and Rare Earth Elements in Dominant Plants in Bayan Obo Mining Area of Inner Mongolia

作　　者：王哲[1] 周铜 赵莹晨 骆逸飞 郑春丽[1] 胡庆凯[1] Wang Zhe;Zhou Tong;Zhao Yingchen;Luo Yifei;Zheng Chunli;Hu Qingkai(School of Energy and Environment,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou 014010,China;School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100857,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古科技大学能源与环境学院,内蒙古包头014010 [2]北京师范大学环境学院,北京100875

出　　处：《中国稀土学报》2022年第3期512-522,共11页Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths

基　　金：内蒙古科技计划项目;内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2020MS02005);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1802904)资助。

摘　　要：为筛选适合内蒙古白云鄂博矿区重金属-稀土复合污染土壤修复治理及生态环境恢复的植物材料,本研究采用野外调查法,确定样方区域内的植物种,从中选取长势良好且具有多度和频度优势的植物种,采集植物样品及其相应的根际和非根际土壤,测定重金属和稀土元素含量,分析植物对重金属和稀土元素的富集特征。结果表明,矿区样方区域内共采集到植物53种,分属21科、46属,并筛选出11种优势草本植物。矿区优势植物根际土壤和非根际土壤中重金属和总稀土的平均含量均高于内蒙古土壤背景值,矿区土壤受到不同程度的重金属-稀土复合污染。植物不同部位对重金属和稀土元素的吸收能力不同,除Cu以外,其余重金属和稀土元素在植物地下部分的平均含量高于地上部分。植物体内多种重金属的最高值均高于植物体内正常含量范围,但未达到超富集植物标准。猪毛菜(Salsola collina)对Cu和Hg,艾(Artemisia argyi)对Cu,凤毛菊(Saussurea japonica)对Cu和大多数稀土元素以及蓼子朴(Inula salsoloides)对La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu和Gd的生物富集系数及转运系数均大于1,属于富集型植物,具有修复污染土壤的潜力。蒲公英(Taraxacum mongolicum)、骆驼蓬(Peganum harmala)、茵陈蒿(Artemisia capillaris)、灯芯草(Juncus effusus)和胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor)吸收的重金属和稀土元素主要囤积于根部,地上部含量较少,根部富集系数大于1,转运系数小于1,属于根部囤积型植物,可用于污染土壤的植物固定。乳苣(Mulgedium tataricum)对全部的重金属和11种稀土元素以及碱蓬(Suaeda glauca)对全部重金属的地上部分和地下部分的生物富集系数均小于1,属于规避型植物,可作为矿区植被恢复的先锋植物。In order to select suitable plants for remediation and ecological environment restoration of heavy metal-rare earth elements composite contaminated soil in Bayan Obo mining area of Inner Mongolia,a field investigation method was used to identify the plant species in the sample area,from which plant species with decent growth and dominance in abundance and frequentness were selected.Plants and their corresponding rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils were collected to determine heavy metal and rare earth concentrations and to analyze the enrichment characteristics of plants for heavy metals and rare earth elements.The results showed that a total of 53 plant species belonging to 21 families and 46 genera were collected in the mining area,and 11 dominant herbaceous plants were selected.The average contents of heavy metals and total rare earth in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of dominant plants in the mining area were higher than the background values of soil in Inner Mongolia,and the soil was combined polluted by heavy metals and rare earth in different degrees.Different parts of the plants had different absorbing capacities for heavy metals and rare earth elements,and the average content of heavy metals and rare earth elements in the underground parts was higher than those in the aboveground parts except Cu.The highest values of a variety of heavy metals in plants were higher than the normal range,but they did not reach the standard of hyperaccumulator.The bioaccumulation and translocation factors of Salsola collina for Cu and Hg,Artemisia argyi for Cu,Saussurea japonica for Cu and most rare earth elements,and Inula salsoloides for La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu and Gd were all greater than 1,which indicated that they belonged to accumulator plants with the potential to remediation of contaminated soil.Heavy metals and rare earth elements absorbed by Taraxacum mongolicum,Peganum harmala,Artemisia capillaris,Juncus effusus and Lespedeza bicolor were mainly accumulated in the roots,but were less in the above-ground par

关 键 词：矿区 重金属 稀土元素 富集系数 转运系数 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]